{"id":8262,"date":"2023-07-05T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-05T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/?p=8262"},"modified":"2023-06-27T06:22:34","modified_gmt":"2023-06-27T06:22:34","slug":"proc-jsme-nemocni-cast-xxvii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/2023\/07\/05\/proc-jsme-nemocni-cast-xxvii\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d jsme nemocn\u00ed? &#8211; \u010d\u00e1st XXVII. Nemoci plic a d\u00fdchac\u00edho \u00fastroj\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st knihy PhDr. Petra Novotn\u00e9ho se v\u011bnuje v\u00fdkladu p\u0159\u00ed\u010din konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me oblast\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nemoci&nbsp; plic a d\u00fdchac\u00edho \u00fastroj\u00ed<\/strong><br>Pl\u00edce n\u00e1s spojuj\u00ed s vn\u011bj\u0161kem nejz\u0159eteln\u011bji, nejz\u00e1sadn\u011bji a nejintimn\u011bji. Z vn\u011bj\u0161ku z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me d\u00fdchac\u00ed plyny, bez nich\u017e bychom nep\u0159e\u017eili ani n\u011bkolik minut, vn\u011bj\u0161ek n\u00e1m v\u0161ak poskytuje tak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontakty, bez nich\u017e by byla na\u0161e existence v \u010dase rovn\u011b\u017e nemysliteln\u00e1. Kdy\u017e d\u00fdch\u00e1me zhluboka, c\u00edt\u00edme se svobodn\u00ed, \u0161\u0165astn\u00ed a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed. Podl\u00e9h\u00e1me-li&nbsp; \u00fazkosti (absence pocit\u016f svobody, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti), pak je n\u00e1\u0161 dech nedosta\u010div\u00fd a my se nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i nachlazen\u00ed, z\u00e1n\u011btu d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest nebo p\u0159i astmatu dus\u00edme. Na\u0161e kontakty s vn\u011bj\u0161kem&nbsp;&nbsp; sk\u0159\u00edpou nejen touto konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed du\u0161nost\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rovin\u011b, kde se n\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b neda\u0159\u00ed kooperovat, \u010di nach\u00e1zet v\u00fdchodiska z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010di dlouhobob\u011b dot\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<br>Jedno z v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch um\u011bn\u00ed je st\u00e1t se prot\u011bj\u0161kem jin\u00fdm (partnerem), proto\u017ee pouze p\u0159i kontaktech s jin\u00fdmi lidmi se m\u016f\u017eeme rozvinout ve zral\u00e9&nbsp; a harmonick\u00e9 osobnosti.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nejbli\u017en\u00edm a nejv\u00fdzna\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prot\u011bj\u0161kem je partner, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b \u017eivotn\u00ed partner, s n\u00edm\u017e sm\u011b\u0148ujeme sebe sama v takzvan\u00e9m partnerstv\u00ed a nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b v erotice a v sexu, partner je&nbsp; tedy nejv\u00fdzna\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm komponentem vn\u011bj\u0161ku.&nbsp; Smyslem partnerstv\u00ed v\u0161ak nen\u00ed vypln\u011bn\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed&nbsp; pr\u00e1zdnoty jednoho nebo dokonce obou partner\u016f, \u00fakolem partnerstv\u00ed je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm osv\u011b\u017een\u00ed a urychlen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje .<br>Kdy\u017e d\u00fdch\u00e1me, vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1me do sebe jistou \u010d\u00e1st vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho sv\u011bta, takto jsme se sv\u011btem spojeni jako ryby s vodou, jako bu\u0148ka s bu\u0148kou, jako d\u00edt\u011b v mat\u010din\u011b l\u016fn\u011b.&nbsp; Vylad\u011bn\u00e9 vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed a&nbsp; vydechov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee rovnocenn\u011b bereme (dost\u00e1v\u00e1me) i d\u00e1v\u00e1me (a nab\u00edzen\u00e9 je od n\u00e1s p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1no) . Za\u010dne-li sk\u0159\u00edpat vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed, pak je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee n\u011bco od n\u011bkoho nebo od n\u011b\u010deho&nbsp; neum\u00edme (nechceme) vz\u00edt. \u010cin\u00ed-li n\u00e1m pot\u00ed\u017ee v\u00fddech, pak je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee m\u00e1lo d\u00e1v\u00e1me (proto\u017ee nechceme nebo neum\u00edme d\u00e1vat), anebo od n\u00e1s n\u011bco, nebo n\u011bkdo nechce nab\u00edzen\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nemoci plic a ve\u0161ker\u00e9&nbsp; probl\u00e9my souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm ukazuj\u00ed v t\u011blesn\u00e9 rovin\u011b (zrcadlov\u011b) nejz\u0159eteln\u011bji na&nbsp; poruchy komunikace ega s vn\u011bj\u0161kem, na jeho nadm\u011brn\u00fd individualismus \u010di egocentrismus,&nbsp; nebo na&nbsp; k\u0159e\u010dovitou snahu omezit svobodu&nbsp; bli\u017en\u00edch v d\u016fsledku ztr\u00e1ty vlastn\u00edho sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a sebeceny. Sv\u00e9ho partnera hodnot\u00edme \u010dasto neobjektivn\u011b, kdy\u017e mu p\u0159isuzujeme vlastn\u00ed nectnosti, ani\u017e&nbsp; bychom je sami na sob\u011b vid\u011bli.<br>D\u011bsiv\u00e1 nemoc minulosti &#8211; tuberkul\u00f3za (je\u0161t\u011b okolo roku 1900 na ni um\u00edralo nejv\u00edce lid\u00ed), kterou zp\u016fsobuje Koch\u016fv bacil, byla&nbsp; francouzsk\u00fdmi l\u00e9ka\u0159i u\u017e p\u0159ed mnoha des\u00edtkami let p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na depres\u00edm (Laennec), co\u017e z\u00edskalo vcelku v\u011brohodn\u00fd rozm\u011br pot\u00e9, kdy\u017e p\u0159i pitv\u00e1ch&nbsp; byla zji\u0161t\u011bna u 80% v\u0161ech zesnul\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edtomnost tuberkul\u00f3zy v r\u016fzn\u00fdch org\u00e1nech, ani\u017e by se u nich nemoc b\u011bhem \u017eivota vyjevila. Koch\u016fv bacil v sob\u011b tedy p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ela zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st populace, jen u n\u011bkoho m\u011bl v\u0161ak \u0161anci se vyjevit v podob\u011b nemoci.&nbsp;&nbsp; Z \u010detn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed tuberkul\u00f3zou byla pak po\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed vymodelov\u00e1na osobnostn\u00ed charakteristika nemocn\u00e9ho tuberkul\u00f3zou: Pro\u017e\u00edval psychick\u00e9 ot\u0159esy a konflikty, ne\u00fasp\u011bchy, ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a \u010dast\u00e9 krize,&nbsp; tou\u017eil po velk\u00e9 l\u00e1sce, sou\u010dasn\u011b m\u011bl i p\u0159i intenzivn\u00edm milostn\u00e9m pom\u011bru strach z v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho vztahu.<br>P\u0159i nachlazen\u00ed \u010di ch\u0159ipce jsou d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty posti\u017eeny z\u00e1n\u011btem virov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Ch\u0159ipka se projevuje nej\u010dast\u011bji hore\u010dkou, bolestmi sval\u016f, kloub\u016f a bolestmi hlavy, n\u011bkdy p\u0159i n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke hnisav\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm (z\u00e1n\u011bt plic, z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159edn\u00edho ucha \u010di vedlej\u0161\u00edch nosn\u00edch dutin).&nbsp;<br>P\u0159i nachlazen\u00ed \u010di ch\u0159ipce jsou d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty posti\u017eeny z\u00e1n\u011btem virov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Ch\u0159ipka se projevuje nej\u010dast\u011bji hore\u010dkou, bolestmi sval\u016f, kloub\u016f a bolestmi hlavy, n\u011bkdy p\u0159i n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke hnisav\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm (z\u00e1n\u011bt plic, z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159edn\u00edho ucha \u010di vedlej\u0161\u00edch nosn\u00edch dutin).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1n\u011bt &#8211; konflikt ega s vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btem <\/strong><br>Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt, a\u0165 u\u017e vznikl v jak\u00e9koli \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla, v psychick\u00e9 rovin\u011b jednozna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edstavuje po\u010d\u00e1tek nebo pr\u016fb\u011bh konfliktu ega s vn\u011bj\u0161kem. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nachlazen\u00ed \u010di ch\u0159ipky nejde o konflikty z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9, jedn\u00e1 se sp\u00ed\u0161e o drobn\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemnosti nap\u0159\u00edklad v zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, v emo\u010dn\u00ed oblasti nebo ve \u0161kole, jejich\u017e kumulace, opakov\u00e1n\u00ed a dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u00ed efekt stokr\u00e1t nic umo\u0159ilo vola. Nachlazen\u00ed&nbsp; a ch\u0159ipky spojen\u00e9 s nep\u0159\u00edjemnou&nbsp; r\u00fdmou \u010di ka\u0161lem&nbsp; supluj\u00ed obranu v t\u011ble, k n\u00ed\u017e m\u011blo z\u00e1sluhou ega doj\u00edt, ale nedo\u0161lo, ve vn\u011bj\u0161ku. Nachlazen\u00ed a ch\u0159ipka (kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b diskvalifikuj\u00edc\u00ed ego)&nbsp; pat\u0159\u00ed mezi ony obl\u00edben\u00e9 nemoci, do nich\u017e ego ut\u00edk\u00e1, aby se aspo\u0148 na n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das zbavilo nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b dot\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch bezv\u00fdznamnost\u00ed, z nich\u017e je utk\u00e1na materie podstatn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti na\u0161eho \u017eivota (a samo kv\u016fli nim nemuselo bojovat).<br>Vynech\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed neschopnost, vyle\u017een\u00ed v posteli, bla\u017eenost nicned\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u00fddenn\u00ed absence v ka\u017edodenn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nalad\u00ed ego pon\u011bkud sm\u00ed\u0159liv\u011bji k vlastn\u00edmu soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed a osobnostn\u00edmu \u00fad\u011blu, z n\u011bho\u017e nen\u00ed pov\u011bt\u0161inou \u00faniku, a ego se pak snadn\u011bji zbav\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9ho z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9ho zdu\u0159en\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee brzy odezn\u00ed pot\u0159eba tohoto n\u00e1hradn\u00edho boje. Vyka\u0161l\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di vysmrk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hlenu nav\u00edc zbav\u00ed organismus mnoh\u00fdch \u0161kodliv\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, tak\u017ee se d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty pro\u010dist\u00ed a regeneruj\u00ed.<br>Pr\u016fdu\u0161kov\u00e9 astma je nej\u010dast\u011bji chronick\u00e9 z\u00e1chvatovit\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159isuzovan\u00e9 nej\u010dast\u011bji d\u011bdi\u010dnosti a n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00edmu stylu. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je odhadov\u00e1n po\u010det osob s astmatick\u00fdmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi a\u017e na 800 tis\u00edc, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina posti\u017een\u00fdch se nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, tak\u017ee je zaregistrov\u00e1no &#8222;jen&#8220; asi 100 tis\u00edc l\u00e9\u010d\u00edc\u00edch se astmatik\u016f. Na astma lze i zem\u0159\u00edt, zdravotnick\u00e1 statistika zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 u n\u00e1s ro\u010dn\u011b a\u017e 130 \u00famrt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nast\u00e1v\u00e1j\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad po vysazen\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f, zejm\u00e9na u d\u011bt\u00ed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>Astmatick\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee vznikaj\u00ed v d\u016fsledku n\u00e1hl\u00e9ho z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fdu\u0161ek i pr\u016fdu\u0161inek (k\u0159e\u010d bronchiol\u016f). Z\u00e1chvat je prov\u00e1zen pocitem i faktem du\u0161en\u00ed.&nbsp; S hyperventilac\u00ed jsou n\u011bkdy spojeny dal\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad mraven\u010den\u00ed, k\u0159ece v ruk\u00e1ch, bolesti hlavy a z\u00e1vrat\u011b. Astma&nbsp; je \u010dasto alergick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu nebo jej vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 trval\u00e1 infekce, jindy&nbsp; hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed vlivy, profesn\u00ed n\u00e1sledky, \u010di fyzick\u00e1&nbsp; z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, n\u011bkdy je navod\u00ed ban\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9ky nap\u0159. Acylpyrin.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>Astmatik se mocn\u011b nadechuje a pot\u00e9 nen\u00ed s to porci nadechnutnut\u00e9ho vzduchu vydechnout (du\u0161nost s p\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm, anebo ka\u0161el). Vzal si z venku v\u00edce vzduchu ne\u017e pot\u0159eboval a pak se z\u00edskan\u00e9ho nadbytku nedok\u00e1zal efektivn\u011b zbavit. Tento fakt p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed nemocn\u00e9ho k neklidu, siln\u00e9 \u00fazkosti a ke zlosti. Astmatick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat je&nbsp; velice podobn\u00fd prudk\u00e9mu d\u011btsk\u00e9mu afektu prov\u00e1zen\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u010dem, k\u0159ikem a du\u0161en\u00edm, jen\u017e obvykle vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fazkost d\u00edt\u011bte (v podstat\u011b jde o strach ze smrti) v dojmu ohro\u017een\u00ed ze ztr\u00e1ty matky, kter\u00e1 sv\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm tento pocit \u010dasto vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1, a t\u00edm vlastn\u011b bezd\u011b\u010dn\u011b navozuje&nbsp; v\u00fdvoj takzvan\u00e9 astmatick\u00e9 osobnosti. Astmatikov\u00e9 mohou jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed plakat, tak\u017ee se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee astma je pl\u00e1\u010dem bez slz.<br><strong>Mnoz\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i objevuj\u00ed u astmatik\u016f velkou pot\u0159ebu l\u00e1sky, strach z naru\u0161en\u00ed&nbsp; vztah\u016f a siln\u00e9 p\u0159imknut\u00ed k matce, anebo k n\u00e1hradn\u00ed osob\u011b.<\/strong> \u0158ada studi\u00ed prok\u00e1zala jednotn\u011b, \u017ee astmatick\u00e1 osobnost vznik\u00e1 u\u017e v d\u011btstv\u00ed z\u00e1sluhou extr\u00e9mn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte na matce,&nbsp; a tuto extr\u00e9mn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost p\u0159ipomene&nbsp; dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to knihy o p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch&nbsp;&nbsp; v\u0159edov\u00e9 choroby.<br>Zat\u00edmco v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b astmatu jde o n\u00e1sledek&nbsp; neuv\u011bdomovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00fdt&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; matkou ochra\u0148ov\u00e1n a obklopov\u00e1n, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0159edov\u00e9 choroby jde o n\u00e1sledek neuv\u011bdomovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00fdt matkou krmen.&nbsp;<br>Psychoanalytick\u00e1 \u0161kola MUDr. Alfreda Adlera pova\u017euje astma za n\u00e1sledky pocit\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edho i fyzick\u00e9ho&nbsp; hnusu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nemocn\u00ed jsou nesm\u00edrn\u011b citliv\u00ed obecn\u011b na ne\u010distotu, kterou pov\u011bt\u0161inou marn\u011b hledaj\u00ed jak vn\u011b, tak i uvnit\u0159.&nbsp; Ameri\u010dan n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu MUDr. Franz Alexander (47) p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 vznik astmatu d\u016fsledk\u016fm afekt\u016f, a z nich za nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pova\u017euje strach,&nbsp; pocity viny, \u017e\u00e1rlivost a vztek, u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch nav\u00edc p\u0159i\u0159azuje pocity sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho provin\u011bn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di rodi\u010d\u016fm pot\u00e9, co nav\u00e1zali vlastn\u00ed intimn\u00ed kontakty a odtrli se od rodi\u010d\u016f.<br>Jin\u00ed auto\u0159i  pova\u017euj\u00ed astma za nemoc, kter\u00e1 je n\u00e1sledkem nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch (potla\u010den\u00fdch) vazeb na matku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vol\u00e1n\u00ed po matce je vlastn\u011b k\u0159ikem proti matce, co\u017e prok\u00e1zaly studie na osob\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159ijaty k hospitalizaci a kter\u00e9 pak byly&nbsp; bez jak\u00fdchkoli n\u00e1sledk\u016f vystaveny vlivu&nbsp; alergenu, jen\u017e v dom\u00e1c\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed navozoval spolehliv\u011b astmatick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto a podobn\u00fdch experiment\u016f byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na pozornost matk\u00e1m d\u011btsk\u00fdch astmatik\u016f, u nich\u017e pak byly zji\u0161t\u011bny t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed postoje (75):<br>l.  Matky s p\u0159ehnan\u011b ochranitelsk\u00fdmi postoji.<br>2. Matky projevuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bti l\u00e1sku a ochranu, jen kdy\u017e d\u00edt\u011b vyhov\u00ed jejich ambic\u00edm.<br>3. Matky s nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm, dominuj\u00edc\u00edm, kritick\u00fdm a netolerantn\u00edm postojem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd cury\u0161sk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 A. J. Ziegler prokazoval, \u017ee astma je nemoc\u00ed (reakc\u00ed) p\u0159ecitliv\u011bl\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed dominovat a jim\u017e&nbsp; vztek&nbsp; zablokuje vzduch v plic\u00edch, kdy\u017e zjist\u00ed, \u017ee by n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd ne\u017e oni mohl m\u00edt posledn\u00ed slovo, co\u017e potvrzuj\u00ed i mnoz\u00ed jin\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci.<br>Co se astmatikovi objektivn\u011b neda\u0159\u00ed, je v\u00fddech, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje v symbolick\u00e9 rovin\u011b akt&nbsp; odevzd\u00e1n\u00ed. V psychick\u00e9 (soci\u00e1ln\u00ed) rovin\u011b&nbsp;&nbsp; ukazuje tento z\u00e1kladn\u00ed fakt, \u017ee astmatikovo ego chce v\u00edce br\u00e1t a m\u00e9n\u011b d\u00e1vat. Souvislosti v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho bran\u00ed a men\u0161\u00edho v\u00fddeje lze nal\u00e9zti nejen v materi\u00e1ln\u00edch, ale tak\u00e9 v soci\u00e1ln\u00edch, emotivn\u00edch a hodnotov\u00fdch aspektech nemocn\u00fdch.<br>Astmatem mohou trp\u011bt lid\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b komunikativn\u00ed, tak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u011b egocentri\u010dt\u00ed (panova\u010dn\u00ed) se sklonem uzav\u00edrat svoje nitro a \u00fazkostliv\u011b se obr\u0148ovat&nbsp; p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161kem v jak\u00e9si vlastn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a emotivn\u00ed pevnosti, odkud p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b r\u00e1di pozoruj\u00ed, jak se kdesi dole&nbsp; pacht\u00ed ostatn\u00ed (5). Pak se ov\u0161em mohou utvrdit v dojmu, \u017ee v\u0161e&nbsp;&nbsp; p\u0159ed \u010d\u00edm se distancuj\u00ed je m\u00e9n\u011bcenn\u00e9, bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9, \u0161pinav\u00e9, vulg\u00e1rn\u00ed, nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, agresivn\u00ed, \u010di p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00e9, tak\u017ee&nbsp;&nbsp; na n\u011bkter\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podn\u011bty ke komunikaci a kooperaci reaguj\u00ed, jako by \u0161lo o nep\u0159\u00edtele.&nbsp; Proto je pr\u016fdu\u0161kov\u00e9 astma tak \u010dasto spojeno s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi alergiemi a alergeny, kter\u00e9 nejsnadn\u011bji p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed \u00falohu n\u00e1hra\u017eky skute\u010dn\u00e9ho astmatikova nep\u0159\u00edtele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Astma velice \u010dasto souvis\u00ed s ko\u017en\u00edm ex\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd rovn\u011b\u017e zobrazuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 pocity ohro\u017een\u00ed a nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed.<\/strong>&nbsp; Astmatikovu ego ov\u0161em nemus\u00ed bojovat uvnit\u0159 sv\u00e9ho nitra, pot\u0159eba bojovat se uskute\u010dn\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u011b v t\u011blesn\u00e9 rovin\u011b, ani\u017e by ov\u0161em p\u0159i tomto boji byla pora\u017eena p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina konfliktu a zni\u010den skute\u010dn\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel.&nbsp; N\u011bkdy je astmatick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat vyvol\u00e1n doslova \u00fa\u010delov\u011b vyd\u011bra\u010dsky, nap\u0159\u00edklad&nbsp; n\u00e1ro\u010dnou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed situac\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e by bylo astmatikovo ego vystaveno riziku selh\u00e1n\u00ed, demaskov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo por\u00e1\u017eky. Astmatick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat&nbsp; tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zabezpe\u010d\u00ed odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eky ega doslova v posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli, a m\u00e1lem u\u017e beznad\u011bjn\u011b zapo\u010datou bitvu stihne je\u0161t\u011b prom\u011bnit ve v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v podob\u011b sklizen\u00e9ho soucitu.<br><strong>Uv\u011bdom\u00ed-li si astmatikovo ego konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed oblast, v n\u00ed\u017e v\u00edce p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 ne\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1, prozkoum\u00e1-li ter\u00e9n sv\u00e9 \u00fazkosti, a p\u0159ijde-li na to pro\u010d se tak hroziv\u011b neadekv\u00e1tn\u011b br\u00e1n\u00ed (vyh\u00fdb\u00e1) selh\u00e1n\u00ed, pak&nbsp; lze astmatu na jistou dobu porozum\u011bt, \u010di aspo\u0148 utlumit jeho nal\u00e9havost.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st knihy PhDr. Petra Novotn\u00e9ho se v\u011bnuje v\u00fdkladu p\u0159\u00ed\u010din konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me oblast\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm. Nemoci&nbsp; plic a d\u00fdchac\u00edho \u00fastroj\u00edPl\u00edce n\u00e1s spojuj\u00ed s vn\u011bj\u0161kem nejz\u0159eteln\u011bji, nejz\u00e1sadn\u011bji a nejintimn\u011bji. Z vn\u011bj\u0161ku z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me d\u00fdchac\u00ed plyny, bez nich\u017e bychom nep\u0159e\u017eili ani n\u011bkolik minut, vn\u011bj\u0161ek n\u00e1m v\u0161ak poskytuje tak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontakty, bez nich\u017e by byla na\u0161e existence v \u010dase rovn\u011b\u017e nemysliteln\u00e1. Kdy\u017e d\u00fdch\u00e1me zhluboka, c\u00edt\u00edme se svobodn\u00ed, \u0161\u0165astn\u00ed a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed. Podl\u00e9h\u00e1me-li&nbsp; \u00fazkosti (absence pocit\u016f svobody, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti), pak je n\u00e1\u0161 dech nedosta\u010div\u00fd a my se nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i nachlazen\u00ed, z\u00e1n\u011btu d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest nebo p\u0159i astmatu dus\u00edme. Na\u0161e kontakty s vn\u011bj\u0161kem&nbsp;&nbsp; sk\u0159\u00edpou nejen touto konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed du\u0161nost\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rovin\u011b, kde se n\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b neda\u0159\u00ed kooperovat, \u010di nach\u00e1zet v\u00fdchodiska z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010di dlouhobob\u011b dot\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f.Jedno z v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch um\u011bn\u00ed je st\u00e1t se prot\u011bj\u0161kem jin\u00fdm (partnerem), proto\u017ee pouze p\u0159i kontaktech s jin\u00fdmi lidmi se m\u016f\u017eeme rozvinout ve zral\u00e9&nbsp; a harmonick\u00e9 osobnosti.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nejbli\u017en\u00edm a nejv\u00fdzna\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prot\u011bj\u0161kem je partner, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b \u017eivotn\u00ed partner, s n\u00edm\u017e sm\u011b\u0148ujeme sebe sama v takzvan\u00e9m partnerstv\u00ed a nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b v erotice a v sexu, partner je&nbsp; tedy nejv\u00fdzna\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm komponentem vn\u011bj\u0161ku.&nbsp; Smyslem partnerstv\u00ed v\u0161ak nen\u00ed vypln\u011bn\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed&nbsp; pr\u00e1zdnoty jednoho nebo dokonce obou partner\u016f, \u00fakolem partnerstv\u00ed je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm osv\u011b\u017een\u00ed a urychlen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje .Kdy\u017e d\u00fdch\u00e1me, vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1me do sebe jistou \u010d\u00e1st vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho sv\u011bta, takto jsme se sv\u011btem spojeni jako ryby s vodou, jako bu\u0148ka s bu\u0148kou, jako d\u00edt\u011b v mat\u010din\u011b l\u016fn\u011b.&nbsp; Vylad\u011bn\u00e9 vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed a&nbsp; vydechov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee rovnocenn\u011b bereme (dost\u00e1v\u00e1me) i d\u00e1v\u00e1me (a nab\u00edzen\u00e9 je od n\u00e1s p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1no) . Za\u010dne-li sk\u0159\u00edpat vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed, pak je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee n\u011bco od n\u011bkoho nebo od n\u011b\u010deho&nbsp; neum\u00edme (nechceme) vz\u00edt. \u010cin\u00ed-li n\u00e1m pot\u00ed\u017ee v\u00fddech, pak je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee m\u00e1lo d\u00e1v\u00e1me (proto\u017ee nechceme nebo neum\u00edme d\u00e1vat), anebo od n\u00e1s n\u011bco, nebo n\u011bkdo nechce nab\u00edzen\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout.&nbsp; Nemoci plic a ve\u0161ker\u00e9&nbsp; probl\u00e9my souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm ukazuj\u00ed v t\u011blesn\u00e9 rovin\u011b (zrcadlov\u011b) nejz\u0159eteln\u011bji na&nbsp; poruchy komunikace ega s vn\u011bj\u0161kem, na jeho nadm\u011brn\u00fd individualismus \u010di egocentrismus,&nbsp; nebo na&nbsp; k\u0159e\u010dovitou snahu omezit svobodu&nbsp; bli\u017en\u00edch v d\u016fsledku ztr\u00e1ty vlastn\u00edho sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a sebeceny. Sv\u00e9ho partnera hodnot\u00edme \u010dasto neobjektivn\u011b, kdy\u017e mu p\u0159isuzujeme vlastn\u00ed nectnosti, ani\u017e&nbsp; bychom je sami na sob\u011b vid\u011bli.D\u011bsiv\u00e1 nemoc minulosti &#8211; tuberkul\u00f3za (je\u0161t\u011b okolo roku 1900 na ni um\u00edralo nejv\u00edce lid\u00ed), kterou zp\u016fsobuje Koch\u016fv bacil, byla&nbsp; francouzsk\u00fdmi l\u00e9ka\u0159i u\u017e p\u0159ed mnoha des\u00edtkami let p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na depres\u00edm (Laennec), co\u017e z\u00edskalo vcelku v\u011brohodn\u00fd rozm\u011br pot\u00e9, kdy\u017e p\u0159i pitv\u00e1ch&nbsp; byla zji\u0161t\u011bna u 80% v\u0161ech zesnul\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edtomnost tuberkul\u00f3zy v r\u016fzn\u00fdch org\u00e1nech, ani\u017e by se u nich nemoc b\u011bhem \u017eivota vyjevila. Koch\u016fv bacil v sob\u011b tedy p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ela zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st populace, jen u n\u011bkoho m\u011bl v\u0161ak \u0161anci se vyjevit v podob\u011b nemoci.&nbsp;&nbsp; Z \u010detn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed tuberkul\u00f3zou byla pak po\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed vymodelov\u00e1na osobnostn\u00ed charakteristika nemocn\u00e9ho tuberkul\u00f3zou: Pro\u017e\u00edval psychick\u00e9 ot\u0159esy a konflikty, ne\u00fasp\u011bchy, ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a \u010dast\u00e9 krize,&nbsp; tou\u017eil po velk\u00e9 l\u00e1sce, sou\u010dasn\u011b m\u011bl i p\u0159i intenzivn\u00edm milostn\u00e9m pom\u011bru strach z v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho vztahu.P\u0159i nachlazen\u00ed \u010di ch\u0159ipce jsou d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty posti\u017eeny z\u00e1n\u011btem virov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Ch\u0159ipka se projevuje nej\u010dast\u011bji hore\u010dkou, bolestmi sval\u016f, kloub\u016f a bolestmi hlavy, n\u011bkdy p\u0159i n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke hnisav\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm (z\u00e1n\u011bt plic, z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159edn\u00edho ucha \u010di vedlej\u0161\u00edch nosn\u00edch dutin).&nbsp;P\u0159i nachlazen\u00ed \u010di ch\u0159ipce jsou d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty posti\u017eeny z\u00e1n\u011btem virov\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Ch\u0159ipka se projevuje nej\u010dast\u011bji hore\u010dkou, bolestmi sval\u016f, kloub\u016f a bolestmi hlavy, n\u011bkdy p\u0159i n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke hnisav\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm (z\u00e1n\u011bt plic, z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159edn\u00edho ucha \u010di vedlej\u0161\u00edch nosn\u00edch dutin).&nbsp; Z\u00e1n\u011bt &#8211; konflikt ega s vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btem Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt, a\u0165 u\u017e vznikl v jak\u00e9koli \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla, v psychick\u00e9 rovin\u011b jednozna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edstavuje po\u010d\u00e1tek nebo pr\u016fb\u011bh konfliktu ega s vn\u011bj\u0161kem. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nachlazen\u00ed \u010di ch\u0159ipky nejde o konflikty z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9, jedn\u00e1 se sp\u00ed\u0161e o drobn\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemnosti nap\u0159\u00edklad v zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, v emo\u010dn\u00ed oblasti nebo ve \u0161kole, jejich\u017e kumulace, opakov\u00e1n\u00ed a dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u00ed efekt stokr\u00e1t nic umo\u0159ilo vola. Nachlazen\u00ed&nbsp; a ch\u0159ipky spojen\u00e9 s nep\u0159\u00edjemnou&nbsp; r\u00fdmou \u010di ka\u0161lem&nbsp; supluj\u00ed obranu v t\u011ble, k n\u00ed\u017e m\u011blo z\u00e1sluhou ega doj\u00edt, ale nedo\u0161lo, ve vn\u011bj\u0161ku. Nachlazen\u00ed a ch\u0159ipka (kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b diskvalifikuj\u00edc\u00ed ego)&nbsp; pat\u0159\u00ed mezi ony obl\u00edben\u00e9 nemoci, do nich\u017e ego ut\u00edk\u00e1, aby se aspo\u0148 na n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das zbavilo nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b dot\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch bezv\u00fdznamnost\u00ed, z nich\u017e je utk\u00e1na materie podstatn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti na\u0161eho \u017eivota (a samo kv\u016fli nim nemuselo bojovat).Vynech\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed neschopnost, vyle\u017een\u00ed v posteli, bla\u017eenost nicned\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u00fddenn\u00ed absence v ka\u017edodenn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nalad\u00ed ego pon\u011bkud sm\u00ed\u0159liv\u011bji k vlastn\u00edmu soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed a osobnostn\u00edmu \u00fad\u011blu, z n\u011bho\u017e nen\u00ed pov\u011bt\u0161inou \u00faniku, a ego se pak snadn\u011bji zbav\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9ho z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9ho zdu\u0159en\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee brzy odezn\u00ed pot\u0159eba tohoto n\u00e1hradn\u00edho boje. Vyka\u0161l\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di vysmrk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hlenu nav\u00edc zbav\u00ed organismus mnoh\u00fdch \u0161kodliv\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, tak\u017ee se d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty pro\u010dist\u00ed a regeneruj\u00ed.Pr\u016fdu\u0161kov\u00e9 astma je nej\u010dast\u011bji chronick\u00e9 z\u00e1chvatovit\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159isuzovan\u00e9 nej\u010dast\u011bji d\u011bdi\u010dnosti a n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00edmu stylu. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je odhadov\u00e1n po\u010det osob s astmatick\u00fdmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi a\u017e na 800 tis\u00edc, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina posti\u017een\u00fdch se nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, tak\u017ee je zaregistrov\u00e1no &#8222;jen&#8220; asi 100 tis\u00edc l\u00e9\u010d\u00edc\u00edch se astmatik\u016f. Na astma lze i zem\u0159\u00edt, zdravotnick\u00e1 statistika zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 u n\u00e1s ro\u010dn\u011b a\u017e 130 \u00famrt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nast\u00e1v\u00e1j\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad po vysazen\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f, zejm\u00e9na u d\u011bt\u00ed.&nbsp;&nbsp;Astmatick\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee vznikaj\u00ed v d\u016fsledku n\u00e1hl\u00e9ho z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fdu\u0161ek i pr\u016fdu\u0161inek (k\u0159e\u010d bronchiol\u016f). Z\u00e1chvat je prov\u00e1zen pocitem i faktem du\u0161en\u00ed.&nbsp; S hyperventilac\u00ed jsou n\u011bkdy spojeny dal\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad mraven\u010den\u00ed, k\u0159ece v ruk\u00e1ch, bolesti hlavy a z\u00e1vrat\u011b. Astma&nbsp; je \u010dasto alergick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu nebo jej vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 trval\u00e1 infekce, jindy&nbsp; hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed vlivy, profesn\u00ed n\u00e1sledky, \u010di fyzick\u00e1&nbsp; z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, n\u011bkdy je navod\u00ed ban\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9ky nap\u0159. Acylpyrin.&nbsp;&nbsp;Astmatik se mocn\u011b nadechuje a pot\u00e9 nen\u00ed s to porci nadechnutnut\u00e9ho vzduchu vydechnout (du\u0161nost s p\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm, anebo ka\u0161el). Vzal si z venku v\u00edce vzduchu ne\u017e pot\u0159eboval a pak se z\u00edskan\u00e9ho nadbytku nedok\u00e1zal efektivn\u011b zbavit. Tento fakt p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed nemocn\u00e9ho k neklidu, siln\u00e9 \u00fazkosti a ke zlosti. Astmatick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat je&nbsp; velice podobn\u00fd prudk\u00e9mu d\u011btsk\u00e9mu afektu prov\u00e1zen\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u010dem, k\u0159ikem a du\u0161en\u00edm, jen\u017e obvykle vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fazkost d\u00edt\u011bte (v podstat\u011b jde o strach ze smrti) v dojmu ohro\u017een\u00ed ze ztr\u00e1ty matky, kter\u00e1 sv\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm tento pocit \u010dasto vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1, a t\u00edm vlastn\u011b bezd\u011b\u010dn\u011b navozuje&nbsp; v\u00fdvoj takzvan\u00e9 astmatick\u00e9 osobnosti. Astmatikov\u00e9 mohou jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed plakat, tak\u017ee se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee astma je pl\u00e1\u010dem bez slz.Mnoz\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i objevuj\u00ed u astmatik\u016f velkou pot\u0159ebu l\u00e1sky, strach z naru\u0161en\u00ed&nbsp; vztah\u016f a siln\u00e9 p\u0159imknut\u00ed k matce, anebo k n\u00e1hradn\u00ed osob\u011b. \u0158ada studi\u00ed prok\u00e1zala jednotn\u011b, \u017ee astmatick\u00e1 osobnost vznik\u00e1 u\u017e v d\u011btstv\u00ed z\u00e1sluhou extr\u00e9mn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte na matce,&nbsp; a tuto extr\u00e9mn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost p\u0159ipomene&nbsp; dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to knihy o p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch&nbsp;&nbsp; v\u0159edov\u00e9 choroby.Zat\u00edmco v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b astmatu jde o n\u00e1sledek&nbsp; neuv\u011bdomovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00fdt&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; matkou ochra\u0148ov\u00e1n a obklopov\u00e1n, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0159edov\u00e9 choroby jde o n\u00e1sledek neuv\u011bdomovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00fdt matkou krmen.&nbsp;Psychoanalytick\u00e1 \u0161kola MUDr. Alfreda Adlera pova\u017euje astma za n\u00e1sledky pocit\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edho i fyzick\u00e9ho&nbsp; hnusu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nemocn\u00ed jsou nesm\u00edrn\u011b citliv\u00ed obecn\u011b na ne\u010distotu, kterou pov\u011bt\u0161inou marn\u011b hledaj\u00ed jak vn\u011b, tak i uvnit\u0159.&nbsp; Ameri\u010dan n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu MUDr. Franz Alexander (47) p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 vznik astmatu d\u016fsledk\u016fm afekt\u016f, a z nich za nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pova\u017euje strach,&nbsp; pocity viny, \u017e\u00e1rlivost a vztek, u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch nav\u00edc p\u0159i\u0159azuje pocity sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho provin\u011bn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di rodi\u010d\u016fm pot\u00e9, co nav\u00e1zali vlastn\u00ed intimn\u00ed kontakty a odtrli se od rodi\u010d\u016f.Jin\u00ed auto\u0159i pova\u017euj\u00ed astma za nemoc, kter\u00e1 je n\u00e1sledkem nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch (potla\u010den\u00fdch) vazeb na matku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vol\u00e1n\u00ed po matce je vlastn\u011b k\u0159ikem proti matce, co\u017e prok\u00e1zaly studie na osob\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159ijaty k hospitalizaci a kter\u00e9 pak byly&nbsp; bez jak\u00fdchkoli n\u00e1sledk\u016f vystaveny vlivu&nbsp; alergenu, jen\u017e v dom\u00e1c\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed navozoval spolehliv\u011b astmatick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto a podobn\u00fdch experiment\u016f byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na pozornost matk\u00e1m d\u011btsk\u00fdch astmatik\u016f, u nich\u017e pak byly zji\u0161t\u011bny t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed postoje (75):l. Matky s p\u0159ehnan\u011b ochranitelsk\u00fdmi postoji.2. Matky projevuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bti l\u00e1sku a ochranu, jen kdy\u017e d\u00edt\u011b vyhov\u00ed jejich ambic\u00edm.3. Matky s nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm, dominuj\u00edc\u00edm, kritick\u00fdm a netolerantn\u00edm postojem. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd cury\u0161sk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 A. J. Ziegler prokazoval, \u017ee astma je nemoc\u00ed (reakc\u00ed) p\u0159ecitliv\u011bl\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed dominovat a jim\u017e&nbsp; vztek&nbsp; zablokuje vzduch v plic\u00edch, kdy\u017e zjist\u00ed, \u017ee by n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd ne\u017e oni mohl m\u00edt posledn\u00ed slovo, co\u017e potvrzuj\u00ed i mnoz\u00ed jin\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci.Co se astmatikovi objektivn\u011b neda\u0159\u00ed, je v\u00fddech, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje v symbolick\u00e9 rovin\u011b akt&nbsp; odevzd\u00e1n\u00ed. V psychick\u00e9 (soci\u00e1ln\u00ed) rovin\u011b&nbsp;&nbsp; ukazuje tento z\u00e1kladn\u00ed fakt, \u017ee astmatikovo ego chce v\u00edce br\u00e1t a m\u00e9n\u011b d\u00e1vat. Souvislosti v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho bran\u00ed a men\u0161\u00edho v\u00fddeje lze nal\u00e9zti nejen v materi\u00e1ln\u00edch, ale tak\u00e9 v soci\u00e1ln\u00edch, emotivn\u00edch a hodnotov\u00fdch aspektech nemocn\u00fdch.Astmatem mohou trp\u011bt lid\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b komunikativn\u00ed, tak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u011b egocentri\u010dt\u00ed (panova\u010dn\u00ed) se sklonem uzav\u00edrat svoje nitro a \u00fazkostliv\u011b se obr\u0148ovat&nbsp; p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161kem v jak\u00e9si vlastn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a emotivn\u00ed pevnosti, odkud p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b r\u00e1di pozoruj\u00ed, jak se kdesi dole&nbsp; pacht\u00ed ostatn\u00ed (5). Pak se ov\u0161em mohou utvrdit v dojmu, \u017ee v\u0161e&nbsp;&nbsp; p\u0159ed \u010d\u00edm se distancuj\u00ed je m\u00e9n\u011bcenn\u00e9, bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9, \u0161pinav\u00e9, vulg\u00e1rn\u00ed, nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, agresivn\u00ed, \u010di p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00e9, tak\u017ee&nbsp;&nbsp; na n\u011bkter\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podn\u011bty ke komunikaci a kooperaci reaguj\u00ed, jako by \u0161lo o nep\u0159\u00edtele.&nbsp; Proto je pr\u016fdu\u0161kov\u00e9 astma tak \u010dasto spojeno s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi alergiemi a alergeny, kter\u00e9 nejsnadn\u011bji p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed \u00falohu n\u00e1hra\u017eky skute\u010dn\u00e9ho astmatikova nep\u0159\u00edtele. Astma velice \u010dasto souvis\u00ed s ko\u017en\u00edm ex\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd rovn\u011b\u017e zobrazuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 pocity ohro\u017een\u00ed a nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed.&nbsp; Astmatikovu ego ov\u0161em nemus\u00ed bojovat uvnit\u0159 sv\u00e9ho nitra, pot\u0159eba bojovat se uskute\u010dn\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u011b v t\u011blesn\u00e9 rovin\u011b, ani\u017e by ov\u0161em p\u0159i tomto boji byla pora\u017eena p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina konfliktu a zni\u010den skute\u010dn\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel.&nbsp; N\u011bkdy je astmatick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat vyvol\u00e1n doslova \u00fa\u010delov\u011b vyd\u011bra\u010dsky, nap\u0159\u00edklad&nbsp; n\u00e1ro\u010dnou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed situac\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e by bylo astmatikovo ego vystaveno riziku selh\u00e1n\u00ed, demaskov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo por\u00e1\u017eky. Astmatick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat&nbsp; tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zabezpe\u010d\u00ed odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eky ega doslova v posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli, a m\u00e1lem u\u017e beznad\u011bjn\u011b zapo\u010datou bitvu stihne je\u0161t\u011b prom\u011bnit ve v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v podob\u011b sklizen\u00e9ho soucitu.Uv\u011bdom\u00ed-li si astmatikovo ego konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed oblast, v n\u00ed\u017e v\u00edce p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 ne\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1, prozkoum\u00e1-li ter\u00e9n sv\u00e9 \u00fazkosti, a p\u0159ijde-li na to pro\u010d se tak hroziv\u011b neadekv\u00e1tn\u011b br\u00e1n\u00ed (vyh\u00fdb\u00e1) selh\u00e1n\u00ed, pak&nbsp; lze astmatu na jistou dobu porozum\u011bt, \u010di aspo\u0148 utlumit jeho nal\u00e9havost.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2283,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[134,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ctenarska-sekce","category-medunka"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8262","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8262"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8262\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8265,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8262\/revisions\/8265"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}