{"id":6274,"date":"2022-04-15T06:15:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-15T06:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/?p=6274"},"modified":"2022-04-14T10:14:31","modified_gmt":"2022-04-14T10:14:31","slug":"hlavni-jarni-svatky-velikonoce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/2022\/04\/15\/hlavni-jarni-svatky-velikonoce\/","title":{"rendered":"Hlavn\u00ed jarn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky \u2013 Velikonoce"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho dubnov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla MEDU\u0147KY, kter\u00e9 je st\u00e1le ke koupi na st\u00e1nc\u00edch PNS nebo je k dispozici tak\u00e9 v elektronick\u00e9 verzi na adrese emedunka.cz<\/a>, jsme vybrali uk\u00e1zku z \u010dl\u00e1nku Ivy Lhotsk\u00e9 v\u011bnovan\u00e9ho nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm Velikonoc\u016fm… <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velikonoce pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm jara a slav\u00edme je v\u017edycky prvn\u00ed ned\u011bli po prvn\u00edm jarn\u00edm \u00fapl\u0148ku. Zvyky, je\u017e se dodnes dodr\u017euj\u00ed, jsou \u010dist\u011b pohansk\u00e9 a jsou oslavou \u017eivota, sexuality a plodnosti. Kup\u0159\u00edkladu poml\u00e1zka upleten\u00e1 z vrbov\u00fdch v\u011btvi\u010dek symbolizuje mu\u017esk\u00fd element, zdoben\u00e1 vejce jsou znamen\u00edm \u017eensk\u00e9ho principu a \u017eivotod\u00e1rn\u00e9 energie.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fdk\u00e1 se to i barven\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dek, i kdy\u017e d\u0159\u00edve se zdobila pln\u00e1 uva\u0159en\u00e1 vejce a nejv\u00edce se vyu\u017e\u00edvala \u010derven\u00e1 barva, kter\u00e1 je barvou krve, a tud\u00ed\u017e i \u017eivota.
V tomto obdob\u00ed rozkv\u00e9taj\u00ed trnky, l\u00edsky, ol\u0161e, b\u0159\u00edzy, habry, duby, vrby, k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b nachlazen\u00ed po zim\u011b a na pos\u00edlen\u00ed jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny zejm\u00e9na podb\u011bl, dev\u011btsil \u010di prvosenka. U n\u00e1s je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 i tzv. sv\u011bcen\u00ed ko\u010di\u010dek, kter\u00e9 nos\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed neduhy a \u010dernou magi\u00ed. Z rozdrcen\u00fdch posv\u011bcen\u00fdch ko\u010di\u010dek s vodou se kdysi p\u0159ipravoval uzdravuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1poj, ko\u010di\u010dky se d\u00e1valy za dve\u0159e, okna \u010di tr\u00e1m v chalup\u011b, aby staven\u00ed ochra\u0148ovaly p\u0159ed bleskem, krupobit\u00edm nebo po\u017e\u00e1rem.
Doposud se zachoval zvyk pl\u00e9st poml\u00e1zku z \u010derstv\u00fdch jarn\u00edch proutk\u016f. Kdysi um\u011bl poml\u00e1zku upl\u00e9st ka\u017ed\u00fd mu\u017e. Do svazku spleten\u00e9ho vrbov\u00e9ho prout\u00ed o r\u016fzn\u00e9m po\u010dtu (3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12) se obvykle vpl\u00e9tala \u010derven\u00e1 pentle. Mal\u00e9 poml\u00e1zky nosily chlapci \u010di mu\u017ei sto\u010den\u00e9 v kapse, se st\u0159edn\u00edmi se koledovalo a velk\u00e9 poml\u00e1zky, dlouh\u00e9 a\u017e 2 metry se pova\u017eovaly za ob\u0159adn\u00ed. Keltov\u00e9 tento zvyk nejsp\u00ed\u0161 p\u0159evzali od p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00fdch kultur. Podle jedn\u00e9 tradice poml\u00e1zka symbolicky znamen\u00e1 falus, jen\u017e m\u00e1 \u017een\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e9st zdrav\u00ed a plodnost, co\u017e je propojeno se symbolikou probuzen\u00ed pol\u00ed. Druh\u00fd v\u00fdklad hovo\u0159\u00ed o vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed zl\u00fdch duch\u016f a d\u00e9mon\u016f z \u017een. Existuje v\u0161ak i tradice, kdy v dob\u011b p\u0159estupn\u00e9ho roku chod\u00edvaj\u00ed s poml\u00e1zkou hodovat \u017eeny a d\u00edvky.
Nejen v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch zem\u00edch se na Velikonoce chystaj\u00ed jarn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 v\u011bnce z t\u00faje, zimostr\u00e1zu, tisu, jalovce, smrku, jedle, vrby a list\u00ed z buku, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ipev\u0148uj\u00ed na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rovnoramenn\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e z bezov\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00ed a pov\u011bs\u00ed se na n\u011bj barven\u00e1 vejce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co jste mo\u017en\u00e1 nev\u011bd\u011bli<\/strong><\/a>
– Vaj\u00ed\u010dka barven\u00e1 na \u010derveno byla zn\u00e1ma ji\u017e ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b, Persii i \u0158\u00edm\u011b, zdoben\u00ed se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvalo od prav\u011bku.
– \u010cerven\u011b obarven\u00e1 vejce se p\u016fvodn\u011b naz\u00fdvala kraslice. Nyn\u00ed se tohoto ozna\u010den\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro r\u016fzn\u011b zdoben\u00e1 vejde, kter\u00e1 jsou uva\u0159en\u00e1 natvrdo \u010di vyfouknut\u00e1.
– K barven\u00ed vajec se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 barvy. \u010cerven\u00e1 barva znamen\u00e1 l\u00e1sku, nov\u00fd \u017eivot, ochranu p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi duchy, \u017elut\u00e1 sv\u011btlo a Slunce, zelen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodu, jaro, ml\u00e1d\u00ed a \u017eivot, modr\u00e1 symbolizuje vzduch, vodu, nebe, ale t\u00e9\u017e \u010distotu, d\u016fv\u011bru a harmonii.
– \u017dlut\u00e1 barva symbolizuje zlatou. Zvyk nab\u00edzet koleduj\u00edc\u00edm poutn\u00edk\u016fm \u017elut\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dko z\u0159ejm\u011b pramen\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o putov\u00e1n\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e a sv. Petra, kter\u00e9 jedna hospodyn\u011b pohostila vejci uva\u0159en\u00fdmi v popelu. Po jejich odchodu se vaje\u010dn\u00e9 sko\u0159\u00e1pky prom\u011bnily ve zlat\u00e9.
– Zlat\u00e9 vejce \u010di zlat\u00e9 l\u016fno, v sanskrtu Hiranjagarbha, p\u0159edstavuje nediferencovan\u00fd stav v\u011bdom\u00ed jako zdroj ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho stvo\u0159en\u00ed.
– D\u0159\u00edve lid\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dka barvili p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed cestou. Vyu\u017e\u00edvali k tomu nap\u0159. cibulov\u00fdch slupek, \u0161afr\u00e1nu, list\u016f \u0161pen\u00e1tu \u010di m\u00e1ty, roztoku saz\u00ed, dubovou k\u016fru, lipov\u00fd kv\u011bt, mlad\u00e9 \u017eito, \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu z \u010dern\u00e9ho bezu, bor\u016fvek, p\u0159\u00edp. z \u010derven\u00e9 \u0159epy. Klasick\u00e9 barvy v pr\u00e1\u0161ku, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes, se objevily a\u017e koncem 19. stol.
– Vaj\u00ed\u010dka se va\u0159ila a barvila hlavn\u011b z praktick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. V dob\u011b p\u016fstu se toti\u017e nesm\u011blo j\u00edst maso, ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky ani vejce, a uva\u0159en\u00e1 vejce pak vydr\u017eela d\u00e9le.
– Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee se vejce ukl\u00e1dala do hrobek. Byla nalezena v hrobech z obdob\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Moravy, ale i prvn\u00edch P\u0159emyslovc\u016f. U n\u00e1s byly nejstar\u0161\u00ed barven\u00e9 sko\u0159\u00e1pky vajec objeveny na poh\u0159ebi\u0161ti ve Velk\u00fdch Host\u011br\u00e1dk\u00e1ch na B\u0159eclavsku poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm z 11. stol.
– Symbol ber\u00e1nka byl roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en ji\u017e za pohansk\u00fdch \u010das\u016f hlavn\u011b po cel\u00e9m St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, kde dlouho \u017eili pastevci. \u017did\u00e9 pova\u017eovali ovce za symbol Izraelity jako p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edka \u201eBo\u017e\u00edho st\u00e1da\u201c, o n\u011b\u017e pe\u010doval jejich past\u00fd\u0159, \u017eidovsk\u00fd b\u016fh Jahve. Ber\u00e1nka bo\u017e\u00edho uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed jako znamen\u00ed nevinnosti a \u010distoty \u010di Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho dubnov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla MEDU\u0147KY, kter\u00e9 je st\u00e1le ke koupi na st\u00e1nc\u00edch PNS nebo je k dispozici tak\u00e9 v elektronick\u00e9 verzi na adrese emedunka.cz, jsme vybrali uk\u00e1zku z \u010dl\u00e1nku Ivy Lhotsk\u00e9 v\u011bnovan\u00e9ho nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm Velikonoc\u016fm… Velikonoce pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm jara a slav\u00edme je v\u017edycky prvn\u00ed ned\u011bli po prvn\u00edm jarn\u00edm \u00fapl\u0148ku. Zvyky, je\u017e se dodnes dodr\u017euj\u00ed, jsou \u010dist\u011b pohansk\u00e9 a jsou oslavou \u017eivota, sexuality a plodnosti. Kup\u0159\u00edkladu poml\u00e1zka upleten\u00e1 z vrbov\u00fdch v\u011btvi\u010dek symbolizuje mu\u017esk\u00fd element, zdoben\u00e1 vejce jsou znamen\u00edm \u017eensk\u00e9ho principu a \u017eivotod\u00e1rn\u00e9 energie. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se to i barven\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dek, i kdy\u017e d\u0159\u00edve se zdobila pln\u00e1 uva\u0159en\u00e1 vejce a nejv\u00edce se vyu\u017e\u00edvala \u010derven\u00e1 barva, kter\u00e1 je barvou krve, a tud\u00ed\u017e i \u017eivota.V tomto obdob\u00ed rozkv\u00e9taj\u00ed trnky, l\u00edsky, ol\u0161e, b\u0159\u00edzy, habry, duby, vrby, k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b nachlazen\u00ed po zim\u011b a na pos\u00edlen\u00ed jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny zejm\u00e9na podb\u011bl, dev\u011btsil \u010di prvosenka. U n\u00e1s je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 i tzv. sv\u011bcen\u00ed ko\u010di\u010dek, kter\u00e9 nos\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed neduhy a \u010dernou magi\u00ed. Z rozdrcen\u00fdch posv\u011bcen\u00fdch ko\u010di\u010dek s vodou se kdysi p\u0159ipravoval uzdravuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1poj, ko\u010di\u010dky se d\u00e1valy za dve\u0159e, okna \u010di tr\u00e1m v chalup\u011b, aby staven\u00ed ochra\u0148ovaly p\u0159ed bleskem, krupobit\u00edm nebo po\u017e\u00e1rem.Doposud se zachoval zvyk pl\u00e9st poml\u00e1zku z \u010derstv\u00fdch jarn\u00edch proutk\u016f. Kdysi um\u011bl poml\u00e1zku upl\u00e9st ka\u017ed\u00fd mu\u017e. Do svazku spleten\u00e9ho vrbov\u00e9ho prout\u00ed o r\u016fzn\u00e9m po\u010dtu (3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12) se obvykle vpl\u00e9tala \u010derven\u00e1 pentle. Mal\u00e9 poml\u00e1zky nosily chlapci \u010di mu\u017ei sto\u010den\u00e9 v kapse, se st\u0159edn\u00edmi se koledovalo a velk\u00e9 poml\u00e1zky, dlouh\u00e9 a\u017e 2 metry se pova\u017eovaly za ob\u0159adn\u00ed. Keltov\u00e9 tento zvyk nejsp\u00ed\u0161 p\u0159evzali od p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00fdch kultur. Podle jedn\u00e9 tradice poml\u00e1zka symbolicky znamen\u00e1 falus, jen\u017e m\u00e1 \u017een\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e9st zdrav\u00ed a plodnost, co\u017e je propojeno se symbolikou probuzen\u00ed pol\u00ed. Druh\u00fd v\u00fdklad hovo\u0159\u00ed o vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed zl\u00fdch duch\u016f a d\u00e9mon\u016f z \u017een. Existuje v\u0161ak i tradice, kdy v dob\u011b p\u0159estupn\u00e9ho roku chod\u00edvaj\u00ed s poml\u00e1zkou hodovat \u017eeny a d\u00edvky.Nejen v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch zem\u00edch se na Velikonoce chystaj\u00ed jarn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 v\u011bnce z t\u00faje, zimostr\u00e1zu, tisu, jalovce, smrku, jedle, vrby a list\u00ed z buku, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ipev\u0148uj\u00ed na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rovnoramenn\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e z bezov\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00ed a pov\u011bs\u00ed se na n\u011bj barven\u00e1 vejce. Co jste mo\u017en\u00e1 nev\u011bd\u011bli– Vaj\u00ed\u010dka barven\u00e1 na \u010derveno byla zn\u00e1ma ji\u017e ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b, Persii i \u0158\u00edm\u011b, zdoben\u00ed se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvalo od prav\u011bku.– \u010cerven\u011b obarven\u00e1 vejce se p\u016fvodn\u011b naz\u00fdvala kraslice. Nyn\u00ed se tohoto ozna\u010den\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro r\u016fzn\u011b zdoben\u00e1 vejde, kter\u00e1 jsou uva\u0159en\u00e1 natvrdo \u010di vyfouknut\u00e1.– K barven\u00ed vajec se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 barvy. \u010cerven\u00e1 barva znamen\u00e1 l\u00e1sku, nov\u00fd \u017eivot, ochranu p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi duchy, \u017elut\u00e1 sv\u011btlo a Slunce, zelen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodu, jaro, ml\u00e1d\u00ed a \u017eivot, modr\u00e1 symbolizuje vzduch, vodu, nebe, ale t\u00e9\u017e \u010distotu, d\u016fv\u011bru a harmonii.– \u017dlut\u00e1 barva symbolizuje zlatou. Zvyk nab\u00edzet koleduj\u00edc\u00edm poutn\u00edk\u016fm \u017elut\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dko z\u0159ejm\u011b pramen\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o putov\u00e1n\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e a sv. Petra, kter\u00e9 jedna hospodyn\u011b pohostila vejci uva\u0159en\u00fdmi v popelu. Po jejich odchodu se vaje\u010dn\u00e9 sko\u0159\u00e1pky prom\u011bnily ve zlat\u00e9.– Zlat\u00e9 vejce \u010di zlat\u00e9 l\u016fno, v sanskrtu Hiranjagarbha, p\u0159edstavuje nediferencovan\u00fd stav v\u011bdom\u00ed jako zdroj ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho stvo\u0159en\u00ed.– D\u0159\u00edve lid\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dka barvili p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed cestou. Vyu\u017e\u00edvali k tomu nap\u0159. cibulov\u00fdch slupek, \u0161afr\u00e1nu, list\u016f \u0161pen\u00e1tu \u010di m\u00e1ty, roztoku saz\u00ed, dubovou k\u016fru, lipov\u00fd kv\u011bt, mlad\u00e9 \u017eito, \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu z \u010dern\u00e9ho bezu, bor\u016fvek, p\u0159\u00edp. z \u010derven\u00e9 \u0159epy. Klasick\u00e9 barvy v pr\u00e1\u0161ku, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes, se objevily a\u017e koncem 19. stol.– Vaj\u00ed\u010dka se va\u0159ila a barvila hlavn\u011b z praktick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. V dob\u011b p\u016fstu se toti\u017e nesm\u011blo j\u00edst maso, ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky ani vejce, a uva\u0159en\u00e1 vejce pak vydr\u017eela d\u00e9le.– Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee se vejce ukl\u00e1dala do hrobek. Byla nalezena v hrobech z obdob\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Moravy, ale i prvn\u00edch P\u0159emyslovc\u016f. U n\u00e1s byly nejstar\u0161\u00ed barven\u00e9 sko\u0159\u00e1pky vajec objeveny na poh\u0159ebi\u0161ti ve Velk\u00fdch Host\u011br\u00e1dk\u00e1ch na B\u0159eclavsku poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm z 11. stol.– Symbol ber\u00e1nka byl roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en ji\u017e za pohansk\u00fdch \u010das\u016f hlavn\u011b po cel\u00e9m St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, kde dlouho \u017eili pastevci. \u017did\u00e9 pova\u017eovali ovce za symbol Izraelity jako p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edka \u201eBo\u017e\u00edho st\u00e1da\u201c, o n\u011b\u017e pe\u010doval jejich past\u00fd\u0159, \u017eidovsk\u00fd b\u016fh Jahve. Ber\u00e1nka bo\u017e\u00edho uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed jako znamen\u00ed nevinnosti a \u010distoty \u010di Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6251,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,27,1,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-duchovni-clanky","category-ekologie-priroda","category-medunka","category-pro-inspiraci"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6274"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6277,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6274\/revisions\/6277"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}