{"id":3691,"date":"2020-10-03T11:04:26","date_gmt":"2020-10-03T11:04:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/?p=3691"},"modified":"2020-10-02T11:08:21","modified_gmt":"2020-10-02T11:08:21","slug":"i-hroznove-vino-leci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/2020\/10\/03\/i-hroznove-vino-leci\/","title":{"rendered":"I hroznov\u00e9 v\u00edno l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">tvrd\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku dlouholet\u00fd spolupracovn\u00edk Medu\u0148ky <strong><em>prof. Ing. Pavel Val\u00ed\u010dek DrSc.<\/em><\/strong> <strong>V\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee t\u00edm zaujme a pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed ty z v\u00e1s, mil\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u00e1te r\u00e1di v\u00edno ve v\u0161ech podob\u00e1ch&#8230; <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Resveratrol a r\u00e9va vinn\u00e1<\/strong><br><strong>V\u00a0roce 1991 vyvolalo v\u00a0USA velk\u00fd ohlas televizn\u00ed vystoupen\u00ed prof. Renauda, kter\u00fd zd\u016fvodnil ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00famrtnost Francouz\u016f na kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed choroby (a\u017e o 40 %) vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed konzumac\u00ed v\u00edna, a to navzdory jejich ne zcela vhodn\u00fdm stravovac\u00edm zvyklostem. Hovo\u0159\u00ed se o \u201efrancouzsk\u00e9m paradoxu\u201c<\/strong>. Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee Francouzi, a\u010dkoliv konzumuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed tuku, hodn\u011b kou\u0159\u00ed a pij\u00ed mnoho v\u00edna, trp\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00edmi chorobami asi t\u0159ikr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 nebo Angli\u010dan\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00famrtnost mu\u017e\u016f st\u0159edn\u00edho v\u011bku na kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je tam 4-5kr\u00e1t ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u stejn\u00e9 skupiny lid\u00ed v\u00a0Belfastu.<br>Do pop\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1jmu se v\u011bdc\u016f se tak dostalo studium polyfenolick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, zejm\u00e9na deriv\u00e1t\u016f stilben\u016f, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch ve v\u00edn\u011b. Polyfenolick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pestrou skupinu organick\u00fdch slou\u010denin. Z\u00a0hlediska chemick\u00e9ho jde o p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v\u00a0rostlin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed metabolismu a jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za r\u016fst, ochranu rostlin proti infekci a napaden\u00ed mikroorganism\u016f, ale tvo\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 pigmenty, chu\u0165ov\u00e9 a vonn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je zn\u00e1mo p\u0159es 8000 druh\u016f polyfenolick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<br><strong>Pozitivn\u00ed antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek polyfenolick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f<\/li><li>schopnosti pozitivn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat imunitu a protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/li><li>obnov\u011b jatern\u00edch bun\u011bk<\/li><li>pozitivn\u00edm ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed permeability a l\u00e1mavosti krevn\u00edch kapil\u00e1r<br><br>Voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly jsou vysoce reaktivn\u00ed molekuly, kter\u00e9 mohou oxidovat nukleov\u00e9 kyseliny, proteiny i lipidy, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee iniciovat vznik rakoviny, srde\u010dn\u00edch a vasodilata\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Antioxidanty mohou tato rizika redukovat.<br>N\u00e1s zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed neflavonoidn\u00ed polyfenolick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kam se \u0159ad\u00ed stilbeny a deriv\u00e1ty benzoov\u00fdch i sko\u0159icov\u00fdch kyselin. Stilbeny v&nbsp;rostlin\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed jako fytoalexiny, co\u017e jsou mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v&nbsp;rostlin\u00e1ch po napaden\u00ed mikroorganismy a slou\u017e\u00ed rostlin\u00e1m jako aktivn\u00ed obrann\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Stilbeny jsou vysoce senzitivn\u00ed na sv\u011btlo a oxidaci vzdu\u0161n\u00fdm kysl\u00edkem. Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem stilben\u016f jsou ara\u0161\u00eddy (<em>Arachis hypogaea<\/em>), kde se ud\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich obsah a\u017e 300 mg\/kg., p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hlavn\u00ed pod\u00edl tvo\u0159\u00ed resveratrol.<br>Resveratrol je b\u011b\u017en\u011b obsa\u017een v&nbsp;\u0159ad\u011b rostlin, i kdy\u017e byl poprv\u00e9 izolov\u00e1n z&nbsp;podzemn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00fdchavice velkokv\u011bt\u00e9 (<em>Veratrum grandiflorum<\/em>). Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v&nbsp;mnoha druz\u00edch zelenin, nap\u0159. brokolici, \u010derven\u00e9m zel\u00ed nebo \u010derven\u00e9 \u0159ep\u011b, ale rovn\u011b\u017e v&nbsp;hroznech r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9 (<em>Vitis vinifera<\/em>). P\u0159itom v&nbsp;rostlin\u00e1ch je p\u0159irozen\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 sm\u011bs <em>trans<\/em>&#8211; a <em>cis<\/em>-izomeru resveratrolu, av\u0161ak <em>trans<\/em>-forma p\u0159eva\u017euje. <em>Cis<\/em>-izomer v&nbsp;hroznech prakticky chyb\u00ed, ve v\u00ednech v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje a\u017e jednu t\u0159etinu v\u0161ech stilben\u016f.<br><strong>Resveratrol m\u00e1 jako stilben a rostlinn\u00fd fytoalexin schopnost:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>prudce zvy\u0161ovat aktivitu gen\u016f pro tzv. sirtuiny, zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za prodlou\u017een\u00ed bezchybn\u00e9 funkce bun\u011bk,<\/li><li>inhibovat pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 infekce,<\/li><li>antioxida\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed p\u0159i mo\u017en\u00e9 peroxidaci lipid\u016f,<\/li><li>inhibovat tvorbu voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f a indukovat aktivitu enzym\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k&nbsp;metabolick\u00e9 detoxikaci karcinogen\u016f,<\/li><li>p\u016fsobit proti n\u00e1dorov\u00e9mu bujen\u00ed (inhibuje podporu a progresi tumor\u016f),<\/li><li>inhibovat oxidaci LDL cholesterolu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 v&nbsp;organismu pozitivn\u00ed roli,<\/li><li>zpomalovat st\u00e1rnut\u00ed bun\u011bk srdce a mozku,<\/li><li>zabra\u0148ovat shlukov\u00e1n\u00ed krevn\u00edch desti\u010dek, kter\u00e9 vede spolu s&nbsp;vysokou hladinou LDL ke vzniku ateroskler\u00f3zy a kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch chorob.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Proveden\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy zjistily vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed obsah resveratrolu v&nbsp;\u010desk\u00fdch a moravsk\u00fdch v\u00ednech oproti v\u00edn\u016fm z&nbsp;ji\u017en\u00edch zem\u00ed. Vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i kva\u0161en\u00ed bobul\u00ed se slupkami a peci\u010dkami. Ukazuje se, \u017ee v\u016fbec nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obsah resveratrolu je v\u0161ak v&nbsp;t\u0159apin\u00e1ch. Bylo to zji\u0161t\u011bno p\u0159i anal\u00fdz\u00e1ch proveden\u00fdch na zahradnick\u00e9 fakult\u011b Mendelovy univerzity Brno v&nbsp;Lednici. Zat\u00edmco bobule obsahuj\u00ed do 1,50 mg resveratrolu na kg \u010derstv\u00e9 hmoty, u t\u0159apin je to a\u017e 20kr\u00e1t v\u00edce.<br>T\u0159apiny sest\u00e1vaj\u00ed z&nbsp;hlavn\u00ed osy hroznu s&nbsp;bo\u010dn\u00edm v\u011btven\u00edm a stope\u010dkami, na kter\u00fdch jsou bobule. Tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 3&#8211;5 % hmotnosti hroznu vinn\u00e9 r\u00e9vy a z&nbsp;hektaru se jich vyprodukuje a\u017e 0,5 tuny. Krom\u011b resveratrolu obsahuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm chlorofyl a t\u0159\u00edsloviny, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak p\u0159i nakva\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed do mo\u0161tu a po vykva\u0161en\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00ednu nep\u0159\u00edjemnou trpkou a travnatou p\u0159\u00edchu\u0165. Proto se t\u0159apiny p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b mo\u0161tu odstra\u0148uj\u00ed a zat\u00edm kon\u010d\u00ed jako nepot\u0159ebn\u00fd odpad, kter\u00fd se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze ke hnojen\u00ed nebo se kompostuje.<br><strong>P\u00edt v\u00edno&nbsp; je zdrav\u00e9, ale&nbsp; v&nbsp;mal\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch.<\/strong><br>Hrozny r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9 jsou tedy zdrojem vysok\u00fdch obsah\u016f antioxida\u010dn\u00edch l\u00e1tek. L\u00e1tky jako katechin, epikatechin, kvercetin, jeho glykosid rutin a <em>trans<\/em>-resveratrol byly prok\u00e1z\u00e1ny jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed antioxidanty s&nbsp;d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi biologick\u00fdmi a farmakologick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. V\u0161ech p\u011bt slou\u010denin je prezentov\u00e1no jako ochra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed lidsk\u00fd LDL protein proti oxidaci, a to \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem ne\u017e \u03b1-tokoferol.<br><strong>Jejich obsah ovliv\u0148uje:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>druh a odr\u016fda r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9,<\/li><li>podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed (p\u016fda, \u017eiviny, sr\u00e1\u017eky, slune\u010dn\u00ed svit apod.)<\/li><li>zdravotn\u00ed stav rostliny<\/li><li>agrotechnick\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy<\/li><li>ro\u010dn\u00edk sklizn\u011b<\/li><li>skliz\u0148ov\u00e1 zralost<\/li><li>zp\u016fsob zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed hrozn\u016f, tj. technologie vinifikace hrozn\u016f (nap\u0159. p\u0159\u00eddavek SO<sub>2<\/sub>, kyselina askorbov\u00e1, kvasinkov\u00e9 kmeny, \u010d\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, filtrace a vlastn\u00ed zr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edna).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Katechin i epikatechin maj\u00ed siln\u00e9 antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, kvercetin je typick\u00fd protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a schopnost\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bt krevn\u00ed sra\u017eeniny, chr\u00e1nit LDL cholesterol proti oxidaci.<\/strong> Jeho antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek je v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u vitaminu C a E. Av\u0161ak za ur\u010dit\u00fdch situac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vykazovat i prooxida\u010dn\u00ed aktivitu. Proto je vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konzumace jeho aglykonu rutinu, nebo\u0165 u n\u011bho nebezpe\u010d\u00ed uveden\u00e9 aktivity nehroz\u00ed. Nav\u00edc m\u00e1 rutin schopnost l\u00e9\u010dit k\u0159ehkost krevn\u00edch kapil\u00e1r, zvy\u0161ovat pru\u017enost c\u00e9v a sni\u017eovat LDL cholesterol. M\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, schopnost zh\u00e1\u0161et voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly a tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u00e9 protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed, zesiluje \u00fa\u010dinek vitaminu C.<br>Ochrann\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek polyfenol\u016f na c\u00e9vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se projevuje zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pravideln\u00e9m u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00edna, co\u017e je podstatou tzv. vinoterapie, a to hlavn\u011b spolu s&nbsp;j\u00eddlem. Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee ze st\u0159evn\u00edho traktu \u010dlov\u011bka se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed hodin do krve, kde nesetrvaj\u00ed dlouho, pokud nedojde k&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edsunu t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek. V&nbsp;krvi funguj\u00ed polyfenoly jako antioxidanty, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017eou molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed kysl\u00edk, a tak redukuj\u00ed kysl\u00edkov\u00fd proces. V\u00fdsledkem je mimo jin\u00e9 i v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed kornat\u011bn\u00ed tepen&#8230;<br>                                            <strong><em> \/dokon\u010den\u00ed\/<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-517cb922-c7d7-40bb-af40-03e842a649f0\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"block-7b1df500-04e5-4df1-b559-13880a3f47b8\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>tvrd\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku dlouholet\u00fd spolupracovn\u00edk Medu\u0148ky prof. Ing. Pavel Val\u00ed\u010dek DrSc. V\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee t\u00edm zaujme a pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed ty z v\u00e1s, mil\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u00e1te r\u00e1di v\u00edno ve v\u0161ech podob\u00e1ch&#8230; Resveratrol a r\u00e9va vinn\u00e1V\u00a0roce 1991 vyvolalo v\u00a0USA velk\u00fd ohlas televizn\u00ed vystoupen\u00ed prof. Renauda, kter\u00fd zd\u016fvodnil ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00famrtnost Francouz\u016f na kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed choroby (a\u017e o 40 %) vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed konzumac\u00ed v\u00edna, a to navzdory jejich ne zcela vhodn\u00fdm stravovac\u00edm zvyklostem. Hovo\u0159\u00ed se o \u201efrancouzsk\u00e9m paradoxu\u201c. Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee Francouzi, a\u010dkoliv konzumuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed tuku, hodn\u011b kou\u0159\u00ed a pij\u00ed mnoho v\u00edna, trp\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00edmi chorobami asi t\u0159ikr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 nebo Angli\u010dan\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00famrtnost mu\u017e\u016f st\u0159edn\u00edho v\u011bku na kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je tam 4-5kr\u00e1t ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u stejn\u00e9 skupiny lid\u00ed v\u00a0Belfastu.Do pop\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1jmu se v\u011bdc\u016f se tak dostalo studium polyfenolick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, zejm\u00e9na deriv\u00e1t\u016f stilben\u016f, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch ve v\u00edn\u011b. Polyfenolick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pestrou skupinu organick\u00fdch slou\u010denin. Z\u00a0hlediska chemick\u00e9ho jde o p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v\u00a0rostlin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed metabolismu a jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za r\u016fst, ochranu rostlin proti infekci a napaden\u00ed mikroorganism\u016f, ale tvo\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 pigmenty, chu\u0165ov\u00e9 a vonn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je zn\u00e1mo p\u0159es 8000 druh\u016f polyfenolick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.Pozitivn\u00ed antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek polyfenolick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v: zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f schopnosti pozitivn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat imunitu a protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed obnov\u011b jatern\u00edch bun\u011bk pozitivn\u00edm ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed permeability a l\u00e1mavosti krevn\u00edch kapil\u00e1r Voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly jsou vysoce reaktivn\u00ed molekuly, kter\u00e9 mohou oxidovat nukleov\u00e9 kyseliny, proteiny i lipidy, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee iniciovat vznik rakoviny, srde\u010dn\u00edch a vasodilata\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Antioxidanty mohou tato rizika redukovat.N\u00e1s zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed neflavonoidn\u00ed polyfenolick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kam se \u0159ad\u00ed stilbeny a deriv\u00e1ty benzoov\u00fdch i sko\u0159icov\u00fdch kyselin. Stilbeny v&nbsp;rostlin\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed jako fytoalexiny, co\u017e jsou mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v&nbsp;rostlin\u00e1ch po napaden\u00ed mikroorganismy a slou\u017e\u00ed rostlin\u00e1m jako aktivn\u00ed obrann\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Stilbeny jsou vysoce senzitivn\u00ed na sv\u011btlo a oxidaci vzdu\u0161n\u00fdm kysl\u00edkem. Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem stilben\u016f jsou ara\u0161\u00eddy (Arachis hypogaea), kde se ud\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich obsah a\u017e 300 mg\/kg., p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hlavn\u00ed pod\u00edl tvo\u0159\u00ed resveratrol.Resveratrol je b\u011b\u017en\u011b obsa\u017een v&nbsp;\u0159ad\u011b rostlin, i kdy\u017e byl poprv\u00e9 izolov\u00e1n z&nbsp;podzemn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00fdchavice velkokv\u011bt\u00e9 (Veratrum grandiflorum). Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v&nbsp;mnoha druz\u00edch zelenin, nap\u0159. brokolici, \u010derven\u00e9m zel\u00ed nebo \u010derven\u00e9 \u0159ep\u011b, ale rovn\u011b\u017e v&nbsp;hroznech r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9 (Vitis vinifera). P\u0159itom v&nbsp;rostlin\u00e1ch je p\u0159irozen\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 sm\u011bs trans&#8211; a cis-izomeru resveratrolu, av\u0161ak trans-forma p\u0159eva\u017euje. Cis-izomer v&nbsp;hroznech prakticky chyb\u00ed, ve v\u00ednech v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje a\u017e jednu t\u0159etinu v\u0161ech stilben\u016f.Resveratrol m\u00e1 jako stilben a rostlinn\u00fd fytoalexin schopnost: prudce zvy\u0161ovat aktivitu gen\u016f pro tzv. sirtuiny, zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za prodlou\u017een\u00ed bezchybn\u00e9 funkce bun\u011bk, inhibovat pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 infekce, antioxida\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed p\u0159i mo\u017en\u00e9 peroxidaci lipid\u016f, inhibovat tvorbu voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f a indukovat aktivitu enzym\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k&nbsp;metabolick\u00e9 detoxikaci karcinogen\u016f, p\u016fsobit proti n\u00e1dorov\u00e9mu bujen\u00ed (inhibuje podporu a progresi tumor\u016f), inhibovat oxidaci LDL cholesterolu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 v&nbsp;organismu pozitivn\u00ed roli, zpomalovat st\u00e1rnut\u00ed bun\u011bk srdce a mozku, zabra\u0148ovat shlukov\u00e1n\u00ed krevn\u00edch desti\u010dek, kter\u00e9 vede spolu s&nbsp;vysokou hladinou LDL ke vzniku ateroskler\u00f3zy a kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch chorob. Proveden\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy zjistily vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed obsah resveratrolu v&nbsp;\u010desk\u00fdch a moravsk\u00fdch v\u00ednech oproti v\u00edn\u016fm z&nbsp;ji\u017en\u00edch zem\u00ed. Vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i kva\u0161en\u00ed bobul\u00ed se slupkami a peci\u010dkami. Ukazuje se, \u017ee v\u016fbec nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obsah resveratrolu je v\u0161ak v&nbsp;t\u0159apin\u00e1ch. Bylo to zji\u0161t\u011bno p\u0159i anal\u00fdz\u00e1ch proveden\u00fdch na zahradnick\u00e9 fakult\u011b Mendelovy univerzity Brno v&nbsp;Lednici. Zat\u00edmco bobule obsahuj\u00ed do 1,50 mg resveratrolu na kg \u010derstv\u00e9 hmoty, u t\u0159apin je to a\u017e 20kr\u00e1t v\u00edce.T\u0159apiny sest\u00e1vaj\u00ed z&nbsp;hlavn\u00ed osy hroznu s&nbsp;bo\u010dn\u00edm v\u011btven\u00edm a stope\u010dkami, na kter\u00fdch jsou bobule. Tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 3&#8211;5 % hmotnosti hroznu vinn\u00e9 r\u00e9vy a z&nbsp;hektaru se jich vyprodukuje a\u017e 0,5 tuny. Krom\u011b resveratrolu obsahuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm chlorofyl a t\u0159\u00edsloviny, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak p\u0159i nakva\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed do mo\u0161tu a po vykva\u0161en\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00ednu nep\u0159\u00edjemnou trpkou a travnatou p\u0159\u00edchu\u0165. Proto se t\u0159apiny p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b mo\u0161tu odstra\u0148uj\u00ed a zat\u00edm kon\u010d\u00ed jako nepot\u0159ebn\u00fd odpad, kter\u00fd se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze ke hnojen\u00ed nebo se kompostuje.P\u00edt v\u00edno&nbsp; je zdrav\u00e9, ale&nbsp; v&nbsp;mal\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch.Hrozny r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9 jsou tedy zdrojem vysok\u00fdch obsah\u016f antioxida\u010dn\u00edch l\u00e1tek. L\u00e1tky jako katechin, epikatechin, kvercetin, jeho glykosid rutin a trans-resveratrol byly prok\u00e1z\u00e1ny jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed antioxidanty s&nbsp;d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi biologick\u00fdmi a farmakologick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. V\u0161ech p\u011bt slou\u010denin je prezentov\u00e1no jako ochra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed lidsk\u00fd LDL protein proti oxidaci, a to \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem ne\u017e \u03b1-tokoferol.Jejich obsah ovliv\u0148uje: druh a odr\u016fda r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9, podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed (p\u016fda, \u017eiviny, sr\u00e1\u017eky, slune\u010dn\u00ed svit apod.) zdravotn\u00ed stav rostliny agrotechnick\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy ro\u010dn\u00edk sklizn\u011b skliz\u0148ov\u00e1 zralost zp\u016fsob zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed hrozn\u016f, tj. technologie vinifikace hrozn\u016f (nap\u0159. p\u0159\u00eddavek SO2, kyselina askorbov\u00e1, kvasinkov\u00e9 kmeny, \u010d\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky, filtrace a vlastn\u00ed zr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edna). Katechin i epikatechin maj\u00ed siln\u00e9 antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, kvercetin je typick\u00fd protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a schopnost\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bt krevn\u00ed sra\u017eeniny, chr\u00e1nit LDL cholesterol proti oxidaci. Jeho antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek je v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u vitaminu C a E. Av\u0161ak za ur\u010dit\u00fdch situac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vykazovat i prooxida\u010dn\u00ed aktivitu. Proto je vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konzumace jeho aglykonu rutinu, nebo\u0165 u n\u011bho nebezpe\u010d\u00ed uveden\u00e9 aktivity nehroz\u00ed. Nav\u00edc m\u00e1 rutin schopnost l\u00e9\u010dit k\u0159ehkost krevn\u00edch kapil\u00e1r, zvy\u0161ovat pru\u017enost c\u00e9v a sni\u017eovat LDL cholesterol. M\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, schopnost zh\u00e1\u0161et voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly a tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u00e9 protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed, zesiluje \u00fa\u010dinek vitaminu C.Ochrann\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek polyfenol\u016f na c\u00e9vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se projevuje zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pravideln\u00e9m u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00edna, co\u017e je podstatou tzv. vinoterapie, a to hlavn\u011b spolu s&nbsp;j\u00eddlem. Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee ze st\u0159evn\u00edho traktu \u010dlov\u011bka se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed hodin do krve, kde nesetrvaj\u00ed dlouho, pokud nedojde k&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edsunu t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek. V&nbsp;krvi funguj\u00ed polyfenoly jako antioxidanty, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017eou molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed kysl\u00edk, a tak redukuj\u00ed kysl\u00edkov\u00fd proces. V\u00fdsledkem je mimo jin\u00e9 i v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed kornat\u011bn\u00ed tepen&#8230; \/dokon\u010den\u00ed\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3695,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medunka","category-vyziva-a-zdrava-strava"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3691"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3691\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3697,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3691\/revisions\/3697"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}