{"id":1404,"date":"2021-08-11T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-11T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/?p=1404"},"modified":"2022-05-29T16:50:18","modified_gmt":"2022-05-29T16:50:18","slug":"slunce-a-vitamin-d-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/2021\/08\/11\/slunce-a-vitamin-d-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Slunce a vitamin D"},"content":{"rendered":"

Je l\u00e9to a v l\u00e9t\u011b tr\u00e1v\u00edme hodn\u011b \u010dasu venku a na slunci. Slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky dopadaj\u00edc\u00ed na na\u0161i poko\u017eku vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v ko\u017en\u00edch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch jednu z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tek v t\u011ble \u2013 vitamin D. Ten je u\u017e od 19. stolet\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed a pevnost kost\u00ed. V posledn\u00edch letech vych\u00e1z\u00ed najevo, \u017ee jeho \u00fa\u010dinky jsou daleko \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed a jeho nedostatek m\u00e1 dopad na zdrav\u00ed cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla. <\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0souvislosti se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm\u00a0v\u00fdskytem rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee \u2026 a tak d\u00e1le — zn\u00e1te to. Podle dermatolog\u016f se m\u00e1me slunit pouze s\u00a0opalovac\u00edm kr\u00e9mem s vysok\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm faktorem. Varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed sluncem je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nam\u00edst\u011b, vystavovat se prudk\u00e9mu slune\u010dn\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed bez ochrany riziko rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee opravdu zvy\u0161uje. Ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 toto doporu\u010den\u00ed souvis\u00ed s\u00a0velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem sou\u010dasnosti – s\u00a0chronick\u00fdm nedostatkem vitam\u00ednu D u v\u011bt\u0161iny d\u011bt\u00ed i dosp\u011bl\u00fdch.
\nSlune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je jeho spolehliv\u00fdm a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nenahraditeln\u00fdm zdrojem. Vitam\u00edn D vznik\u00e1 v\u00a0bu\u0148k\u00e1ch k\u016f\u017ee po spojen\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edch paprsk\u016f s\u00a0cholesterolem. Ostatn\u00ed vitam\u00edny jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b k\u00a0dispozici v\u00a0ovoci, zelenin\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch potravin\u00e1ch, ale vitam\u00edn D je v\u00fdjimkou. Ve strav\u011b se vyskytuje vz\u00e1cn\u011b a strava m\u016f\u017ee jeho spot\u0159ebu pokr\u00fdt pouze z\u00a05 -10 %.
\nNejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vitaminu D obsahuje olej z\u00a0tres\u010d\u00edch jater, n\u00e1sleduje losos a makrela, mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed obsahuje vaje\u010dn\u00fd \u017eloutek. Z\u00a0potravin rostlinn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu se vyskytuje prakticky jen v\u00a0houb\u00e1ch su\u0161en\u00fdch na slunci. V\u00a0ostatn\u00edch potravin\u00e1ch je vitamin D zastoupen jen v zanedbateln\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed. Naproti tomu slunce, kter\u00e9 spou\u0161t\u00ed jeho endogenn\u00ed synt\u00e9zu, vytvo\u0159\u00ed a\u017e 90 % pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed. A p\u0159itom sta\u010d\u00ed opatrn\u00e9 slun\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e riziko rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee nehroz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dop\u0159ejme si vitamin D
\n<\/strong>Pokud vystav\u00edme slunci poko\u017eku obli\u010deje a rukou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na deset minut, lehce zr\u016f\u017eov\u00ed a vytvo\u0159\u00ed se v\u00a0n\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800I.U. vitam\u00ednu D, co\u017e je doporu\u010den\u00e1 denn\u00ed d\u00e1vka. Po deseti minut\u00e1ch na slunci v\u00a0plavk\u00e1ch se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 10.000-20.000I.U., tedy ston\u00e1sobn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed ne\u017e doporu\u010den\u00e1 denn\u00ed d\u00e1vka. Ale p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed se b\u00e1t nemus\u00edte, jakmile se vytvo\u0159\u00ed kolem 20.000I.U., tak ty sam\u00e9 UV paprsky, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0k\u016f\u017ei vitam\u00edn D vytv\u00e1\u0159ely, nyn\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed jeho produkci tlumit.
\nOpalovac\u00ed kr\u00e9my nechte po dobu t\u00e9to desetiminutovky v\u00a0pl\u00e1\u017eov\u00e9 ta\u0161ce. J\u00e1 v\u00edm, doporu\u010duje se nat\u0159\u00edt se ochrannou kosmetikou alespo\u0148 patn\u00e1ct minut p\u0159ed pobytem na p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m slunci. P\u0159esto s\u00a0nat\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm kr\u00e9my, oleji a ml\u00e9ky s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm faktorem deset minut po\u010dkejte.\u00a0 Opalovac\u00ed ochrann\u00fd faktor znemo\u017e\u0148uje slune\u010dn\u00edm paprsk\u016fm proniknout do k\u016f\u017ee, a tak tvorbu vitam\u00ednu D prakticky zablokuje. U\u017e kosmetika s\u00a0ochrann\u00fdm faktorem 8 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed tvorbu vitam\u00ednu D v\u00a0k\u016f\u017ei o cel\u00fdch 95 % a spolu se stoupaj\u00edc\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem ochrann\u00e9ho faktoru stoup\u00e1 i omezen\u00ed tvorby vitam\u00ednu D a\u017e na 100 %. V\u00a0na\u0161ich zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch sv\u00edt\u00ed slunce pom\u011brn\u011b malou \u010d\u00e1st roku, nav\u00edc v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu u\u017e netr\u00e1v\u00edme venku. Nem\u00e1me \u010das chodit ven a pracujeme v\u00a0uzav\u0159en\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch. Za t\u011bchto okolnost\u00ed je nesmysl nat\u00edrat se opalovac\u00edm kr\u00e9mem za v\u0161ech okolnost\u00ed, t\u0159eba i p\u0159ed kr\u00e1tkou proch\u00e1zkou venku nebo se dokonce slunci vyh\u00fdbat \u00fapln\u011b.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e m\u00e1me nedostatek \u201ed\u00e9\u010dka\u201c
\n<\/strong>Nedostatek vitam\u00ednu D je velmi \u010dast\u00fd. Vyskytuje se celosv\u011btov\u011b ve velk\u00e9m rozsahu a ve v\u0161ech v\u011bkov\u00fdch kategori\u00edch. Odhaduje se, \u017ee chyb\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 % jinak zdrav\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed a dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, z\u00a0toho \u010dtvrtina m\u00e1 jeho koncentraci extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzkou. Probl\u00e9m je komplikov\u00e1n faktem, \u017ee se projevy deficitu tohoto vitam\u00ednu vyv\u00edjej\u00ed pomalu, prob\u00edhaj\u00ed nen\u00e1padn\u011b a v\u011bt\u0161inou jsou nespecifick\u00e9, proto je lze snadno p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout. K\u00a0p\u0159\u00edznak\u016fm nedostatku pat\u0159\u00ed bolesti kost\u00ed a kloub\u016f nebo svalov\u00e1 ochablost se sn\u00ed\u017eenou fyzickou silou a\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikem p\u00e1d\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00edmi symptomy jsou imunitn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, \u00fanava a ospalost, pad\u00e1n\u00ed vlas\u016f, pomal\u00e9 hojen\u00ed ran, deprese a dal\u0161\u00ed nespecifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, s\u00a0nimi\u017e deficit vitam\u00ednu D v\u011bt\u0161inou ani nen\u00ed spojov\u00e1n.
\nNedostatkem jsou ohro\u017eeny hlavn\u011b mal\u00e9 d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 jejich matky p\u0159ehnan\u011b p\u0159ed sluncem chr\u00e1n\u00ed a sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, kte\u0159\u00ed se sami na slunce nedostanou, a vyt\u00ed\u017een\u00fd person\u00e1l je nech\u00e1v\u00e1 uvnit\u0159 budov. Nav\u00edc schopnost syntetizovat vitamin D v\u00a0k\u016f\u017ei se\u00a0s v\u011bkem sni\u017euje. K\u00a0lidem ohro\u017een\u00fdm deficitem vitaminu D pat\u0159\u00ed i \u017eeny na St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchod\u011b, k\u00a0nim\u017e se slunce nedostane kv\u016fli zahalov\u00e1n\u00ed na ve\u0159ejnosti a d\u00e1l v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 s\u00a0tmavou plet\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9 se vitam\u00edn D tvo\u0159\u00ed pomaleji ne\u017e ve sv\u011btl\u00e9 poko\u017ece. K\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m nedostatku pat\u0159\u00ed i obezita, kdy se velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st vitam\u00ednu D ulo\u017e\u00ed do tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b a nen\u00ed k\u00a0dispozici metabolick\u00fdm proces\u016fm.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dinky vitam\u00ednu D
\n<\/strong>I kdy\u017e v\u00a0minulosti bylo vitaminu D p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no jen ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed miner\u00e1l\u016f do kost\u00ed, postupem \u010dasu se ukazuje, \u017ee m\u00e1 i dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky. Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na fungov\u00e1n\u00ed imunity, na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m d\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk, zvy\u0161uje odolnost proti infekc\u00edm, ovliv\u0148uje regulaci krevn\u00edho tlaku, sekreci inzulinu nebo metabolismu tuk\u016f. Je nezbytn\u00fd i pro fyziologick\u00e9 t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, kvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek nebo dobrou n\u00e1ladu. A v\u00fd\u010det rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00fd. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f nedostatek vitam\u00ednu D prokazateln\u011b souvis\u00ed s\u00a0probl\u00e9my jako deprese, cukrovka, hypertenze, autoimunitn\u00ed nebo metabolick\u00e9 poruchy, nemoci kloub\u016f, pot\u00ed\u017ee s\u00a0ot\u011bhotn\u011bn\u00edm, komplikace v\u00a0t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed nebo syndrom polycystick\u00fdch ovari\u00ed.
\nPot\u00e9, co se vitam\u00edn D vytvo\u0159\u00ed v k\u016f\u017ei, putuje do jater a ledvin, kde se postupn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed na svou aktivn\u00ed formu \u2013 hormon kalcitriol. Kalcitriol je jeden z nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch steroidn\u00edch hormon\u016f. Spolu s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi hormony ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 metabolismus v\u00e1pn\u00edku a fosforu, jejich ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed do kost\u00ed a neust\u00e1lou remodelaci kostn\u00ed hmoty. To je jeho dominantn\u00ed, ale ne jedin\u00e1 obdivuhodn\u00e1 funkce, kterou zast\u00e1v\u00e1. Spolu s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi hormony udr\u017euje tak\u00e9 fyziologick\u00e9 hodnoty krevn\u00edho tlaku, krevn\u00edho cukru nebo lipidov\u00e9ho profilu.
\nK\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mimokostn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm ale pat\u0159\u00ed i jeho schopnost aktivovat imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a br\u00e1nit rozvoji onkologick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0charakteristick\u00fdch rys\u016f onkologick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je naru\u0161en\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed funkce vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch bun\u011bk a jejich rychl\u00fd nekontrolovateln\u00fd r\u016fst — proliferace. Kalcitriol m\u00e1 antiproliferativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, tlum\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dnou proliferaci nejen zdrav\u00fdch a fyziologick\u00fdch bun\u011bk, ale i malign\u00edch n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk.
\nZat\u00edmco jeho protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 a protiinfek\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky aktivuj\u00ed imunitu, m\u00e1 schopnost tlumit autoimunitn\u00ed procesy \u2013 tedy poruchu imunity, kdy t\u011blo nam\u00ed\u0159\u00ed imunitu samo proti sob\u011b. Kalcitriol tlum\u00ed procesy tvorby protil\u00e1tek v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech jako je roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za, lup\u00e9nka, revmatoidn\u00ed artritida nebo diabetes I. typu a podobn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat i v\u00a0prevenci dal\u0161\u00edch autoimunitn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee i ateroskler\u00f3za je dnes pova\u017eov\u00e1na za \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b autoimunitn\u00ed poruchu, p\u016fsob\u00ed kalcitriol preventivn\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b.
\nPrekurzor kalcitriolu, vitam\u00edn D, je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e1, uzdravuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tka. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se mu tak\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed vitam\u00edn. Od dubna do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ho m\u016f\u017eeme na\u010derpat do z\u00e1soby. Slunce nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1\u0161 nep\u0159\u00edtel, naopak — okruh zdravotn\u00edch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, se kter\u00fdmi n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci, je velmi \u0161irok\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Charlotte Matyskov\u00e1,
\nterapeut klinick\u00e9 nutri\u010dn\u00ed medic\u00edny
\nZdroje:<\/em><\/p>\n

Jaroslav BLAHO\u0160, V\u00e1clav ZAMRAZIL: Endokrinologie – interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed obor, Kate\u0159ina BOESENBERG: Mikro\u017eiviny I., vitaminy a jim podobn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, Miroslav <\/em>\u0160A\u0160INKA, Katar\u00edna Furkov\u00e1: Pand\u00e9mia nedostatku vitam\u00ednu D.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Je l\u00e9to a v l\u00e9t\u011b tr\u00e1v\u00edme hodn\u011b \u010dasu venku a na slunci. Slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky dopadaj\u00edc\u00ed na na\u0161i poko\u017eku vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v ko\u017en\u00edch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch jednu z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tek v t\u011ble \u2013 vitamin D. Ten je u\u017e od 19. stolet\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed a pevnost kost\u00ed. V posledn\u00edch letech vych\u00e1z\u00ed najevo, \u017ee jeho \u00fa\u010dinky jsou daleko \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed a jeho nedostatek m\u00e1 dopad na zdrav\u00ed cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla. V\u00a0souvislosti se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm\u00a0v\u00fdskytem rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee \u2026 a tak d\u00e1le — zn\u00e1te to. Podle dermatolog\u016f se m\u00e1me slunit pouze s\u00a0opalovac\u00edm kr\u00e9mem s vysok\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm faktorem. Varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed sluncem je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nam\u00edst\u011b, vystavovat se prudk\u00e9mu slune\u010dn\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed bez ochrany riziko rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee opravdu zvy\u0161uje. Ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 toto doporu\u010den\u00ed souvis\u00ed s\u00a0velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem sou\u010dasnosti – s\u00a0chronick\u00fdm nedostatkem vitam\u00ednu D u v\u011bt\u0161iny d\u011bt\u00ed i dosp\u011bl\u00fdch. Slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je jeho spolehliv\u00fdm a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nenahraditeln\u00fdm zdrojem. Vitam\u00edn D vznik\u00e1 v\u00a0bu\u0148k\u00e1ch k\u016f\u017ee po spojen\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edch paprsk\u016f s\u00a0cholesterolem. Ostatn\u00ed vitam\u00edny jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b k\u00a0dispozici v\u00a0ovoci, zelenin\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch potravin\u00e1ch, ale vitam\u00edn D je v\u00fdjimkou. Ve strav\u011b se vyskytuje vz\u00e1cn\u011b a strava m\u016f\u017ee jeho spot\u0159ebu pokr\u00fdt pouze z\u00a05 -10 %. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vitaminu D obsahuje olej z\u00a0tres\u010d\u00edch jater, n\u00e1sleduje losos a makrela, mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed obsahuje vaje\u010dn\u00fd \u017eloutek. Z\u00a0potravin rostlinn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu se vyskytuje prakticky jen v\u00a0houb\u00e1ch su\u0161en\u00fdch na slunci. V\u00a0ostatn\u00edch potravin\u00e1ch je vitamin D zastoupen jen v zanedbateln\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed. Naproti tomu slunce, kter\u00e9 spou\u0161t\u00ed jeho endogenn\u00ed synt\u00e9zu, vytvo\u0159\u00ed a\u017e 90 % pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed. A p\u0159itom sta\u010d\u00ed opatrn\u00e9 slun\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e riziko rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee nehroz\u00ed. Dop\u0159ejme si vitamin D Pokud vystav\u00edme slunci poko\u017eku obli\u010deje a rukou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na deset minut, lehce zr\u016f\u017eov\u00ed a vytvo\u0159\u00ed se v\u00a0n\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800I.U. vitam\u00ednu D, co\u017e je doporu\u010den\u00e1 denn\u00ed d\u00e1vka. Po deseti minut\u00e1ch na slunci v\u00a0plavk\u00e1ch se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 10.000-20.000I.U., tedy ston\u00e1sobn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed ne\u017e doporu\u010den\u00e1 denn\u00ed d\u00e1vka. Ale p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed se b\u00e1t nemus\u00edte, jakmile se vytvo\u0159\u00ed kolem 20.000I.U., tak ty sam\u00e9 UV paprsky, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0k\u016f\u017ei vitam\u00edn D vytv\u00e1\u0159ely, nyn\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed jeho produkci tlumit. Opalovac\u00ed kr\u00e9my nechte po dobu t\u00e9to desetiminutovky v\u00a0pl\u00e1\u017eov\u00e9 ta\u0161ce. J\u00e1 v\u00edm, doporu\u010duje se nat\u0159\u00edt se ochrannou kosmetikou alespo\u0148 patn\u00e1ct minut p\u0159ed pobytem na p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m slunci. P\u0159esto s\u00a0nat\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm kr\u00e9my, oleji a ml\u00e9ky s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm faktorem deset minut po\u010dkejte.\u00a0 Opalovac\u00ed ochrann\u00fd faktor znemo\u017e\u0148uje slune\u010dn\u00edm paprsk\u016fm proniknout do k\u016f\u017ee, a tak tvorbu vitam\u00ednu D prakticky zablokuje. U\u017e kosmetika s\u00a0ochrann\u00fdm faktorem 8 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed tvorbu vitam\u00ednu D v\u00a0k\u016f\u017ei o cel\u00fdch 95 % a spolu se stoupaj\u00edc\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem ochrann\u00e9ho faktoru stoup\u00e1 i omezen\u00ed tvorby vitam\u00ednu D a\u017e na 100 %. V\u00a0na\u0161ich zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch sv\u00edt\u00ed slunce pom\u011brn\u011b malou \u010d\u00e1st roku, nav\u00edc v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu u\u017e netr\u00e1v\u00edme venku. Nem\u00e1me \u010das chodit ven a pracujeme v\u00a0uzav\u0159en\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch. Za t\u011bchto okolnost\u00ed je nesmysl nat\u00edrat se opalovac\u00edm kr\u00e9mem za v\u0161ech okolnost\u00ed, t\u0159eba i p\u0159ed kr\u00e1tkou proch\u00e1zkou venku nebo se dokonce slunci vyh\u00fdbat \u00fapln\u011b. Kdy\u017e m\u00e1me nedostatek \u201ed\u00e9\u010dka\u201c Nedostatek vitam\u00ednu D je velmi \u010dast\u00fd. Vyskytuje se celosv\u011btov\u011b ve velk\u00e9m rozsahu a ve v\u0161ech v\u011bkov\u00fdch kategori\u00edch. Odhaduje se, \u017ee chyb\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 % jinak zdrav\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed a dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, z\u00a0toho \u010dtvrtina m\u00e1 jeho koncentraci extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzkou. Probl\u00e9m je komplikov\u00e1n faktem, \u017ee se projevy deficitu tohoto vitam\u00ednu vyv\u00edjej\u00ed pomalu, prob\u00edhaj\u00ed nen\u00e1padn\u011b a v\u011bt\u0161inou jsou nespecifick\u00e9, proto je lze snadno p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout. K\u00a0p\u0159\u00edznak\u016fm nedostatku pat\u0159\u00ed bolesti kost\u00ed a kloub\u016f nebo svalov\u00e1 ochablost se sn\u00ed\u017eenou fyzickou silou a\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikem p\u00e1d\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00edmi symptomy jsou imunitn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, \u00fanava a ospalost, pad\u00e1n\u00ed vlas\u016f, pomal\u00e9 hojen\u00ed ran, deprese a dal\u0161\u00ed nespecifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, s\u00a0nimi\u017e deficit vitam\u00ednu D v\u011bt\u0161inou ani nen\u00ed spojov\u00e1n. Nedostatkem jsou ohro\u017eeny hlavn\u011b mal\u00e9 d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 jejich matky p\u0159ehnan\u011b p\u0159ed sluncem chr\u00e1n\u00ed a sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, kte\u0159\u00ed se sami na slunce nedostanou, a vyt\u00ed\u017een\u00fd person\u00e1l je nech\u00e1v\u00e1 uvnit\u0159 budov. Nav\u00edc schopnost syntetizovat vitamin D v\u00a0k\u016f\u017ei se\u00a0s v\u011bkem sni\u017euje. K\u00a0lidem ohro\u017een\u00fdm deficitem vitaminu D pat\u0159\u00ed i \u017eeny na St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchod\u011b, k\u00a0nim\u017e se slunce nedostane kv\u016fli zahalov\u00e1n\u00ed na ve\u0159ejnosti a d\u00e1l v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 s\u00a0tmavou plet\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9 se vitam\u00edn D tvo\u0159\u00ed pomaleji ne\u017e ve sv\u011btl\u00e9 poko\u017ece. K\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m nedostatku pat\u0159\u00ed i obezita, kdy se velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st vitam\u00ednu D ulo\u017e\u00ed do tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b a nen\u00ed k\u00a0dispozici metabolick\u00fdm proces\u016fm. \u00da\u010dinky vitam\u00ednu D I kdy\u017e v\u00a0minulosti bylo vitaminu D p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no jen ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed miner\u00e1l\u016f do kost\u00ed, postupem \u010dasu se ukazuje, \u017ee m\u00e1 i dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky. Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na fungov\u00e1n\u00ed imunity, na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m d\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk, zvy\u0161uje odolnost proti infekc\u00edm, ovliv\u0148uje regulaci krevn\u00edho tlaku, sekreci inzulinu nebo metabolismu tuk\u016f. Je nezbytn\u00fd i pro fyziologick\u00e9 t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, kvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek nebo dobrou n\u00e1ladu. A v\u00fd\u010det rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00fd. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f nedostatek vitam\u00ednu D prokazateln\u011b souvis\u00ed s\u00a0probl\u00e9my jako deprese, cukrovka, hypertenze, autoimunitn\u00ed nebo metabolick\u00e9 poruchy, nemoci kloub\u016f, pot\u00ed\u017ee s\u00a0ot\u011bhotn\u011bn\u00edm, komplikace v\u00a0t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed nebo syndrom polycystick\u00fdch ovari\u00ed. Pot\u00e9, co se vitam\u00edn D vytvo\u0159\u00ed v k\u016f\u017ei, putuje do jater a ledvin, kde se postupn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed na svou aktivn\u00ed formu \u2013 hormon kalcitriol. Kalcitriol je jeden z nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch steroidn\u00edch hormon\u016f. Spolu s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi hormony ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 metabolismus v\u00e1pn\u00edku a fosforu, jejich ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed do kost\u00ed a neust\u00e1lou remodelaci kostn\u00ed hmoty. To je jeho dominantn\u00ed, ale ne jedin\u00e1 obdivuhodn\u00e1 funkce, kterou zast\u00e1v\u00e1. Spolu s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi hormony udr\u017euje tak\u00e9 fyziologick\u00e9 hodnoty krevn\u00edho tlaku, krevn\u00edho cukru nebo lipidov\u00e9ho profilu. K\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mimokostn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm ale pat\u0159\u00ed i jeho schopnost aktivovat imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a br\u00e1nit rozvoji onkologick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0charakteristick\u00fdch rys\u016f onkologick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je naru\u0161en\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed funkce vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch bun\u011bk a jejich rychl\u00fd nekontrolovateln\u00fd r\u016fst — proliferace. Kalcitriol m\u00e1 antiproliferativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, tlum\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dnou proliferaci nejen zdrav\u00fdch a fyziologick\u00fdch bun\u011bk, ale i malign\u00edch n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Zat\u00edmco jeho protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 a protiinfek\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky aktivuj\u00ed imunitu, m\u00e1 schopnost tlumit autoimunitn\u00ed procesy \u2013 tedy poruchu imunity, kdy t\u011blo nam\u00ed\u0159\u00ed imunitu samo proti sob\u011b. Kalcitriol tlum\u00ed procesy tvorby protil\u00e1tek v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech jako je roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za, lup\u00e9nka, revmatoidn\u00ed artritida nebo diabetes I. typu a podobn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat i v\u00a0prevenci dal\u0161\u00edch autoimunitn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee i ateroskler\u00f3za je dnes pova\u017eov\u00e1na za \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b autoimunitn\u00ed poruchu, p\u016fsob\u00ed kalcitriol preventivn\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b. Prekurzor kalcitriolu, vitam\u00edn D, je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e1, uzdravuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tka. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se mu tak\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed vitam\u00edn. Od dubna do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ho m\u016f\u017eeme na\u010derpat do z\u00e1soby. Slunce nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1\u0161 nep\u0159\u00edtel, naopak — okruh zdravotn\u00edch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, se kter\u00fdmi n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci, je velmi \u0161irok\u00fd. Charlotte Matyskov\u00e1, terapeut klinick\u00e9 nutri\u010dn\u00ed medic\u00edny Zdroje: Jaroslav BLAHO\u0160, V\u00e1clav ZAMRAZIL: Endokrinologie – interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed obor, Kate\u0159ina BOESENBERG: Mikro\u017eiviny I., vitaminy a jim podobn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, Miroslav \u0160A\u0160INKA, Katar\u00edna Furkov\u00e1: Pand\u00e9mia nedostatku vitam\u00ednu D.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1444,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,13,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medunka","category-pece-o-telo","category-zdravi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1404"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6489,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1404\/revisions\/6489"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}