{"id":12672,"date":"2026-07-23T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/?p=12672"},"modified":"2026-07-17T15:41:03","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T15:41:03","slug":"z-cervencove-medunky-jak-ve-skutecnosti-vznika-ateroskleroza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/2026\/07\/23\/z-cervencove-medunky-jak-ve-skutecnosti-vznika-ateroskleroza\/","title":{"rendered":"Z \u010dervencov\u00e9 Medu\u0148ky: Jak ve skute\u010dnosti vznik\u00e1 ateroskler\u00f3za"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Z \u010dervencov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla Medu\u0148ky, st\u00e1le dostupn\u00e9ho na st\u00e1nc\u00edch PNS nebo v elektronick\u00e9 verzi na <a href=\"http:\/\/emedunka.cz\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"emedunka.cz\">emedunka.cz<\/a> pro tento t\u00fdden vyb\u00edr\u00e1me uk\u00e1zku z \u010dl\u00e1nku MUDr. L. Elekov\u00e9 a vzniku ateroskler\u00f3zy. \u010cl\u00e1nek obsahuje velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e9 je dobr\u00e9 zn\u00e1t, pokud chceme porozum\u011bt proces\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed v na\u0161em t\u011ble &#8211; abychom je mohli ovlivnit \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, tedy sm\u011brem ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u010di udr\u017een\u00ed zdrav\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;minul\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku jsem popsala po\u010d\u00e1tek lipidov\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla vysv\u011btlit, jak vznik\u00e1 ateroskler\u00f3za. Hypot\u00e9za tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se cholesterol nalep\u00ed nebo pros\u00e1kne do st\u011bny tepny, t\u00edm ji z\u00fa\u017e\u00ed, a\u017e ucpe, a to nakonec zp\u016fsob\u00ed infarkt. Vypad\u00e1 to logicky a\u017e na to, \u017ee to tak neprob\u00edh\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ohl\u00e9dnut\u00ed zp\u011bt a sou\u010dasnost<\/strong><br>Po\u010d\u00e1tek spojov\u00e1n\u00ed cholesterolu a nasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f s\u00a0ateroskler\u00f3zou za\u010dal v\u00a050. letech 20. stolet\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel to nebylo jen nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed fyziologick\u00fdch proces\u016f v\u00a0t\u011ble, ale do\u0161lo i na v\u011bdeck\u00fd podvod. Byly zatajeny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, do teorie nezapadaj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dnosti, pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00fdch my\u0161lenek a p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eilo tunelov\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se zam\u011b\u0159ilo pouze na tuky a nezab\u00fdvalo se ostatn\u00edmi makro\u017eivinami. Po celou dobu existovaly odli\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, za v\u0161echny uvedu dr. Yudkina, kter\u00fd spojoval ateroskler\u00f3zu s\u00a0nadm\u011brnou konzumac\u00ed cukru.<br>Efektem sn\u011bhov\u00e9 koule se na p\u016fvodn\u00ed teorii nabalovaly dal\u0161\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed faktory: neuspokojen\u00e9 ambice ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho prezidentsk\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta George McGoverna, kter\u00fd si jako n\u00e1hradn\u00ed program vybral prosazen\u00ed n\u00edzkosacharidov\u00e9 stravy a spolu s\u00a0Ancelem Keysem spustil v\u00a0podstat\u011b celoplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u011b podlo\u017een\u00fd nutri\u010dn\u00ed experiment, jeho\u017e otr\u00e1ven\u00e9 plody dnes skl\u00edz\u00edme.<br>Potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl reaguj\u00edc\u00ed na popt\u00e1vku bezcholesterolov\u00fdch a n\u00edzkotu\u010dn\u00fdch potravin za\u010dal vyr\u00e1b\u011bt spoustu um\u011ble dochucen\u00fdch, p\u0159eslazen\u00fdch a um\u011bl\u00fdmi tuky nap\u011bchovan\u00fdch (p)otravin, kter\u00e9 postupn\u011b v\u00a0rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00edch ze zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vytla\u010dily p\u0159irozen\u00e9 nezpracovan\u00e9 potraviny. Posledn\u00edm h\u0159eb\u00edkem byl v\u00fdvoj l\u00e9k\u016f na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed cholesterolu, vliv farmaceutick\u00fdch firem tla\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na st\u00e1le se sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed limity \u201enorm\u00e1ln\u00edho\u201c cholesterolu, vym\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed mozk\u016f jak l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm, tak pacient\u016fm a neust\u00e1le \u017eiven\u00fd strach z\u00a0cholesterolu a c\u00e9vn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod.<br>Cel\u00e1 situace je dnes tak absurdn\u00ed, \u017ee zdrav\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk bez ateroskler\u00f3zy, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 tu sm\u016flu, \u017ee mu p\u0159i preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddce objev\u00ed hladinu celkov\u00e9ho cholesterolu jen lehce nad \u201enormu\u201c (p\u0159itom jen p\u00e1r let zp\u011bt byla stejn\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu zcela v po\u0159\u00e1dku), za\u010dne b\u00fdt l\u00e9ka\u0159em okam\u017eit\u011b stra\u0161en infarktem a smrt\u00ed a je mu n\u011bkdy i vyhro\u017eov\u00e1no odep\u0159en\u00edm p\u00e9\u010de, pokud neza\u010dne okam\u017eit\u011b u\u017e\u00edvat l\u00e9ky na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed cholesterolu. D\u011bje se to i lidem v\u00a0celkem pokro\u010dil\u00e9m v\u011bku, kte\u0159\u00ed dosud se sv\u00fdm vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm cholesterolem spokojen\u011b \u017eili a nemaj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ateroskler\u00f3zu. L\u00e9ka\u0159i se v\u00a0mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech (\u010dest v\u00fdjimk\u00e1m) ani na vte\u0159inu nezamysl\u00ed, jestli m\u00e1 p\u0159edpis statinu nebo jin\u00e9ho l\u00e9ku v\u016fbec u tohoto \u010dlov\u011bka smysl, jestli mu v\u016fbec prodlou\u017e\u00ed \u017eivot (tj. zabr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu \u00famrt\u00ed), jestli benefity l\u00e9ku p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nad riziky. \u00a0<br>Cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m b\u011b\u017e\u00ed jako hladce promazan\u00fd stroj, p\u0159esouvaj\u00edc\u00ed podstatn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky pen\u011bz do kapes v\u00fdrobc\u016f l\u00e9k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0toho v\u0161eho jedin\u00ed profituj\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee rozporuj\u00edc\u00ed informace jsou dostupn\u00e9 a ka\u017ed\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159, kter\u00fd zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 \u017eidli v\u00a0ordinaci d\u00e9le ne\u017e p\u00e1r let, by si m\u011bl v\u0161imnout, \u017ee to je pon\u011bkud jinak. M\u011bl by si v\u0161imnout, co maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho pacienti s\u00a0ateroskler\u00f3zou, kde jsou skute\u010dn\u00e1 rizika, m\u011bl by vid\u011bt vzorce a m\u011bl by b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b zv\u011bdav\u00fd na to, aby se za\u010dal pt\u00e1t a hledal odpov\u011bdi. M\u011bl by si uv\u011bdomit, jak je p\u016fvodn\u00ed hypot\u00e9za d\u011brav\u00e1 a nesmysln\u00e1. Cholesterol se \u00fadajn\u011b stejn\u011b jako tuk v\u00a0odpadu ve va\u0161\u00ed kuchyni n\u011bjak p\u0159ilep\u00ed a pak vs\u00e1kne do st\u011bny tepny, tam vytvo\u0159\u00ed plak a ucpe ji. Prost\u011b tukoun v\u00a0potrub\u00ed. Kdy\u017e budeme j\u00edst v\u00edc nasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f a hladina tuk\u016f v\u00a0krvi se\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed, bude tento proces prob\u00edhat intenzivn\u011bji a rychleji. D\u00e1v\u00e1 to smysl, ne? Komu se je\u0161t\u011b neucpal odpad v\u00a0kuchyni omastkem? A\u017e na to, \u017ee to je prost\u011b a jednodu\u0161e biologick\u00fd nesmysl.<br>P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm aterosklerotick\u00fd plak nav\u00edc nen\u00ed jen nahromad\u011bn\u00ed cholesterolu, ale obsahuje mnoho jin\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky, fibrin, b\u00edl\u00e9 krvinky a jin\u00e9 slo\u017eky krve. Pl\u00e1ty nejsou na povrchu tepny, ale uvnit\u0159. Jak se tam dostala krev? Dal\u0161\u00edm podstatn\u00fdm faktorem je chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed cholesterolu v\u00a0pl\u00e1tu \u2013 nen\u00ed to esterifikovan\u00e1 forma, ve kter\u00e9 se transportuje uvnit\u0159 LDL, ale krystaly poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0membr\u00e1n \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek. Ano, cholesterol uvnit\u0159 pl\u00e1tu poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0krvinek a nen\u00ed to n\u011bjak\u00e1 tajn\u00e1 a nov\u00e1 informace, v\u00ed se to mnoho des\u00edtek let&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z \u010dervencov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla Medu\u0148ky, st\u00e1le dostupn\u00e9ho na st\u00e1nc\u00edch PNS nebo v elektronick\u00e9 verzi na emedunka.cz pro tento t\u00fdden vyb\u00edr\u00e1me uk\u00e1zku z \u010dl\u00e1nku MUDr. L. Elekov\u00e9 a vzniku ateroskler\u00f3zy. \u010cl\u00e1nek obsahuje velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e9 je dobr\u00e9 zn\u00e1t, pokud chceme porozum\u011bt proces\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed v na\u0161em t\u011ble &#8211; abychom je mohli ovlivnit \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, tedy sm\u011brem ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u010di udr\u017een\u00ed zdrav\u00ed&#8230; V&nbsp;minul\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku jsem popsala po\u010d\u00e1tek lipidov\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla vysv\u011btlit, jak vznik\u00e1 ateroskler\u00f3za. Hypot\u00e9za tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se cholesterol nalep\u00ed nebo pros\u00e1kne do st\u011bny tepny, t\u00edm ji z\u00fa\u017e\u00ed, a\u017e ucpe, a to nakonec zp\u016fsob\u00ed infarkt. Vypad\u00e1 to logicky a\u017e na to, \u017ee to tak neprob\u00edh\u00e1. Ohl\u00e9dnut\u00ed zp\u011bt a sou\u010dasnostPo\u010d\u00e1tek spojov\u00e1n\u00ed cholesterolu a nasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f s\u00a0ateroskler\u00f3zou za\u010dal v\u00a050. letech 20. stolet\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel to nebylo jen nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed fyziologick\u00fdch proces\u016f v\u00a0t\u011ble, ale do\u0161lo i na v\u011bdeck\u00fd podvod. Byly zatajeny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, do teorie nezapadaj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dnosti, pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00fdch my\u0161lenek a p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eilo tunelov\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se zam\u011b\u0159ilo pouze na tuky a nezab\u00fdvalo se ostatn\u00edmi makro\u017eivinami. Po celou dobu existovaly odli\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, za v\u0161echny uvedu dr. Yudkina, kter\u00fd spojoval ateroskler\u00f3zu s\u00a0nadm\u011brnou konzumac\u00ed cukru.Efektem sn\u011bhov\u00e9 koule se na p\u016fvodn\u00ed teorii nabalovaly dal\u0161\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed faktory: neuspokojen\u00e9 ambice ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho prezidentsk\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta George McGoverna, kter\u00fd si jako n\u00e1hradn\u00ed program vybral prosazen\u00ed n\u00edzkosacharidov\u00e9 stravy a spolu s\u00a0Ancelem Keysem spustil v\u00a0podstat\u011b celoplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u011b podlo\u017een\u00fd nutri\u010dn\u00ed experiment, jeho\u017e otr\u00e1ven\u00e9 plody dnes skl\u00edz\u00edme.Potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl reaguj\u00edc\u00ed na popt\u00e1vku bezcholesterolov\u00fdch a n\u00edzkotu\u010dn\u00fdch potravin za\u010dal vyr\u00e1b\u011bt spoustu um\u011ble dochucen\u00fdch, p\u0159eslazen\u00fdch a um\u011bl\u00fdmi tuky nap\u011bchovan\u00fdch (p)otravin, kter\u00e9 postupn\u011b v\u00a0rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00edch ze zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vytla\u010dily p\u0159irozen\u00e9 nezpracovan\u00e9 potraviny. Posledn\u00edm h\u0159eb\u00edkem byl v\u00fdvoj l\u00e9k\u016f na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed cholesterolu, vliv farmaceutick\u00fdch firem tla\u010d\u00edc\u00edch na st\u00e1le se sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed limity \u201enorm\u00e1ln\u00edho\u201c cholesterolu, vym\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed mozk\u016f jak l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm, tak pacient\u016fm a neust\u00e1le \u017eiven\u00fd strach z\u00a0cholesterolu a c\u00e9vn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod.Cel\u00e1 situace je dnes tak absurdn\u00ed, \u017ee zdrav\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk bez ateroskler\u00f3zy, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 tu sm\u016flu, \u017ee mu p\u0159i preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddce objev\u00ed hladinu celkov\u00e9ho cholesterolu jen lehce nad \u201enormu\u201c (p\u0159itom jen p\u00e1r let zp\u011bt byla stejn\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu zcela v po\u0159\u00e1dku), za\u010dne b\u00fdt l\u00e9ka\u0159em okam\u017eit\u011b stra\u0161en infarktem a smrt\u00ed a je mu n\u011bkdy i vyhro\u017eov\u00e1no odep\u0159en\u00edm p\u00e9\u010de, pokud neza\u010dne okam\u017eit\u011b u\u017e\u00edvat l\u00e9ky na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed cholesterolu. D\u011bje se to i lidem v\u00a0celkem pokro\u010dil\u00e9m v\u011bku, kte\u0159\u00ed dosud se sv\u00fdm vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm cholesterolem spokojen\u011b \u017eili a nemaj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ateroskler\u00f3zu. L\u00e9ka\u0159i se v\u00a0mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech (\u010dest v\u00fdjimk\u00e1m) ani na vte\u0159inu nezamysl\u00ed, jestli m\u00e1 p\u0159edpis statinu nebo jin\u00e9ho l\u00e9ku v\u016fbec u tohoto \u010dlov\u011bka smysl, jestli mu v\u016fbec prodlou\u017e\u00ed \u017eivot (tj. zabr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu \u00famrt\u00ed), jestli benefity l\u00e9ku p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nad riziky. \u00a0Cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m b\u011b\u017e\u00ed jako hladce promazan\u00fd stroj, p\u0159esouvaj\u00edc\u00ed podstatn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky pen\u011bz do kapes v\u00fdrobc\u016f l\u00e9k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0toho v\u0161eho jedin\u00ed profituj\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee rozporuj\u00edc\u00ed informace jsou dostupn\u00e9 a ka\u017ed\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159, kter\u00fd zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 \u017eidli v\u00a0ordinaci d\u00e9le ne\u017e p\u00e1r let, by si m\u011bl v\u0161imnout, \u017ee to je pon\u011bkud jinak. M\u011bl by si v\u0161imnout, co maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho pacienti s\u00a0ateroskler\u00f3zou, kde jsou skute\u010dn\u00e1 rizika, m\u011bl by vid\u011bt vzorce a m\u011bl by b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b zv\u011bdav\u00fd na to, aby se za\u010dal pt\u00e1t a hledal odpov\u011bdi. M\u011bl by si uv\u011bdomit, jak je p\u016fvodn\u00ed hypot\u00e9za d\u011brav\u00e1 a nesmysln\u00e1. Cholesterol se \u00fadajn\u011b stejn\u011b jako tuk v\u00a0odpadu ve va\u0161\u00ed kuchyni n\u011bjak p\u0159ilep\u00ed a pak vs\u00e1kne do st\u011bny tepny, tam vytvo\u0159\u00ed plak a ucpe ji. Prost\u011b tukoun v\u00a0potrub\u00ed. Kdy\u017e budeme j\u00edst v\u00edc nasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f a hladina tuk\u016f v\u00a0krvi se\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed, bude tento proces prob\u00edhat intenzivn\u011bji a rychleji. D\u00e1v\u00e1 to smysl, ne? Komu se je\u0161t\u011b neucpal odpad v\u00a0kuchyni omastkem? A\u017e na to, \u017ee to je prost\u011b a jednodu\u0161e biologick\u00fd nesmysl.P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm aterosklerotick\u00fd plak nav\u00edc nen\u00ed jen nahromad\u011bn\u00ed cholesterolu, ale obsahuje mnoho jin\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky, fibrin, b\u00edl\u00e9 krvinky a jin\u00e9 slo\u017eky krve. Pl\u00e1ty nejsou na povrchu tepny, ale uvnit\u0159. Jak se tam dostala krev? Dal\u0161\u00edm podstatn\u00fdm faktorem je chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed cholesterolu v\u00a0pl\u00e1tu \u2013 nen\u00ed to esterifikovan\u00e1 forma, ve kter\u00e9 se transportuje uvnit\u0159 LDL, ale krystaly poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0membr\u00e1n \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek. Ano, cholesterol uvnit\u0159 pl\u00e1tu poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0krvinek a nen\u00ed to n\u011bjak\u00e1 tajn\u00e1 a nov\u00e1 informace, v\u00ed se to mnoho des\u00edtek let&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":12593,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,31,33,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medunka","category-pro-inspiraci","category-rady-a-tipy","category-zdravi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12672","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12672"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12672\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12673,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12672\/revisions\/12673"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}