{"id":12001,"date":"2025-12-12T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/?p=12001"},"modified":"2025-12-11T18:06:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T18:06:01","slug":"opet-vybirame-z-prosincove-medunky-zdravy-mozek-excitotoxiny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/2025\/12\/12\/opet-vybirame-z-prosincove-medunky-zdravy-mozek-excitotoxiny\/","title":{"rendered":"Op\u011bt vyb\u00edr\u00e1me z prosincov\u00e9 Medu\u0148ky: Zdrav\u00fd mozek: excitotoxiny"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st seri\u00e1lu MUDr. Ludmily Elekov\u00e9 o zdrav\u00ed na\u0161eho mozku<\/em><\/strong> se t\u00fdk\u00e1 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed excitotoxin\u016f. <br>Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a d\u016fsledky excitotoxity a jak\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b ud\u011blat, abychom toto nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v r\u00e1mci mo\u017enost\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eili? P\u0159e\u010dtete si v \u010dl\u00e1nku v prosincov\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle Medu\u0148ky&#8230;<br><strong>\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9 na <a href=\"http:\/\/emedunka.cz\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"emedunka.cz\">emedunka.cz<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdrav\u00fd mozek: excitotoxiny<\/strong><br><br>Excitotoxiny jsou l\u00e1tky dr\u00e1\u017ed\u00edc\u00ed neurony k\u00a0elektrick\u00e9 aktivit\u011b, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 intenzivn\u00ed a dlouh\u00e1, vede k\u00a0vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed jejich bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 energie a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed a\u017e od\u00famrti. P\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 excitace neuron\u016f je podm\u00ednkou jejich aktivity, ale proto\u017ee je energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt regulov\u00e1na a vyva\u017eov\u00e1na tlum\u00edc\u00edmi vlivy. Hlavn\u00edm excita\u010dn\u00edm neurotransmiterem v\u00a0mozku je glutam\u00e1t, jeho\u017e \u00fa\u010dinky jsem probrala v\u00a0minul\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku. Nyn\u00ed se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed jako excitotoxiny.<br>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 excitoxicita stoj\u00ed za rozvojem r\u016fzn\u00fdch neurologick\u00fdch poruch. Typicky jde o epilepsii a jin\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010dov\u00e9 stavy, d\u00e1le stoj\u00ed v\u00a0pozad\u00ed neurodegenerativn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed, jako je Alzheimerova a Parkinsonova nemoc nebo amyotrofick\u00e1 later\u00e1ln\u00ed skler\u00f3za (ALS neboli Lou Gehringova nemoc), pod\u00edl\u00ed se na rozvoji autistick\u00fdch poruch, po\u0161kozen\u00ed s\u00edtnice aj. Excitotoxicita je tak\u00e9 odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku p\u0159i mrtvici, hypoglykemii, hypoxii (nedostatku kysl\u00edku) a jin\u00fdch stavech naru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch energetick\u00fd metabolismus neuron\u016f. Nedostatek kysl\u00edku a energie \u010din\u00ed neurony mnohem n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k\u00a0jak\u00e9mukoli toxinu nebo z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny excitotoxicity<\/strong><br>Excitotoxicita nast\u00e1v\u00e1 nejen p\u0159i v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch nemocech, ale tak\u00e9 je zp\u016fsobov\u00e1na l\u00e1tkami, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1me v\u00a0potrav\u011b nebo ve form\u011b drog \u010di l\u00e9k\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich budou probr\u00e1ny d\u016fkladn\u011bji n\u00ed\u017ee, zde je orienta\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fd\u010det: glutam\u00e1t, hydrolyzovan\u00fd rostlinn\u00fd protein, kasein\u00e1t a jin\u00e9 zv\u00fdraz\u0148ova\u010de chuti, um\u011bl\u00e9 sladidlo aspartam, adjuvancia ve vakc\u00edn\u00e1ch, L-DOPA pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v\u00a0l\u00e9\u010db\u011b Parkinsonovy nemoci a drogy typu ext\u00e1ze.<br>P\u0159i experimentech s\u00a0velk\u00fdmi d\u00e1vkami excitotoxinu neurony b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek minut a\u017e n\u011bkolika hodin ote\u010dou, za\u010dne rozpad jejich nitrobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch struktur, a\u017e nakonec odum\u0159ou. \u00a0Pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed aktivity neuron\u016f jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty. Kan\u00e1ly propou\u0161t\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edk jsou v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 bu\u0148ce pe\u010dliv\u011b regulov\u00e1ny. Otv\u00edraj\u00ed se na zlomek vte\u0159iny a vpust\u00ed jen mali\u010dk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kalcia.<br>Excitotoxiny v\u010detn\u011b glutam\u00e1tu zaseknou kalciov\u00fd kan\u00e1l v\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00e9 podob\u011b a do neuronu pak te\u010de p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho kalcia po p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouhou dobu. Bu\u0148ka se zbavuje p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho kalcia jeho pumpov\u00e1n\u00edm zp\u011bt mimo ni, ale iontov\u00e9 pumpy pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed mnoho bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 energie ATP. Je to jako pumpovat vodu z\u00a0lod\u011b, do kter\u00e9 te\u010de. P\u0159i norm\u00e1ln\u00ed funkci kalciov\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu to neurony zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed, ale masivn\u00ed a dlouhodob\u00fd vstup v\u00e1pn\u00edku p\u0159i stimulaci kan\u00e1lu excitotoxinem nest\u00edhaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b vypumpovat. Nadbytek kalcia zabije neuron t\u00edm, \u017ee spust\u00ed destruktivn\u00ed procesy v\u00a0bu\u0148ce. Aktivuje enzymy, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kod\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 struktury, iniciuje programovanou bun\u011b\u010dnou smrt. Naru\u0161uje tak\u00e9 funkci mitochondri\u00ed a vede k\u00a0excesivn\u00edmu oxidativn\u00edmu stresu.<br>Voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly jsou jako rychle se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r, doslova sk\u00e1\u010dou z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 molekuly na druhou a postupn\u011b je ni\u010d\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b DNA. Voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b superoxid a peroxid vod\u00edku, jsou nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed metabolismu. Vznikaj\u00ed v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 bu\u0148ce p\u0159i tvorb\u011b energie v\u00a0mitochondri\u00edch, maj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou funkci v\u00a0imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu a jsou to sign\u00e1ln\u00ed molekuly mj. zaji\u0161tuj\u00edc\u00ed regulaci energetick\u00e9ho metabolismu. Samy o sob\u011b nejsou probl\u00e9m, pokud se jejich mno\u017estv\u00ed nevymkne kontrole a dokud sta\u010d\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy. Antioxidanty jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 daruj\u00ed elektron molekule voln\u00e9ho radik\u00e1lu, a samy se tak oxiduj\u00ed. V\u00a0bu\u0148k\u00e1ch prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00edce uzav\u0159en\u00fdch cykl\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch molekuly p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed neust\u00e1le z\u00a0oxidovan\u00e9ho do redukovan\u00e9ho stavu. Mezi nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed vitamin C, tokoferoly (vitaminy E) a glutathion. Enzymy, kter\u00e9 je vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 magn\u00e9sium, zinek, selen, vitamin A, K\u00a0a D. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v\u0161echny tyto l\u00e1tky bez probl\u00e9m\u016f proch\u00e1zej\u00ed do mozku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chu\u0165 umami<\/strong> <br>Excitotoxiny p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do mozku p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0potrav\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 se v\u00a0potrav\u011b nach\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b, lid\u00e9 je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tis\u00edce let a p\u0159i p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 konzumaci \u0161kody nep\u00e1chaj\u00ed. Japonci po dlouhou dobu pou\u017e\u00edvali ingredienci z\u00a0mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0159asy kombu, kter\u00e1 zv\u00fdraz\u0148ovala chu\u0165 jejich j\u00eddel. V\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee za touto chut\u00ed naz\u00fdvanou umami je sodn\u00e1 s\u016fl glutam\u00e1tu, v anglick\u00e9 zkratce MSG (monosodium glutamate). B\u011bhem p\u00e1r let se z\u00a0v\u00fdroby MSG stal miliardov\u00fd byznys. Postupn\u011b se za\u010dala MSG p\u0159id\u00e1vat prakticky do v\u0161ech pr\u016fmyslov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch j\u00eddel, v\u00a0USA a n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch i do v\u00fd\u017eivy pro miminka a mal\u00e9 d\u011bti. Spot\u0159eba MSG se zdvojn\u00e1sobovala ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 let.<br>Bohat\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 literatura prokazuje \u0161kodlivost MSG a jin\u00fdch excitotoxin\u016f v\u00a0potrav\u011b. N\u011bkdy sta\u010d\u00ed k\u00a0nevratn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk jedin\u00e1 dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e1 d\u00e1vka. Je\u0161t\u011b \u0161kodliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je kombinace excitotoxin\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na ve zpracovan\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch. Toxiny \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00ed synergicky: vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se posiluj\u00ed a celkov\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek je a\u017e \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e prost\u00fd sou\u010det \u00fa\u010dink\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch toxin\u016f. Ale kdy\u017e budete na internetu hledat informace o glutam\u00e1tu, dozv\u00edte se, \u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 substance jako MSG nebo um\u011bl\u00e9 sladidlo aspartam jsou zcela bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. To, co \u00fadajn\u011b d\u011blaj\u00ed, jsou jen \u0159e\u010di. Bohu\u017eel tomu tak nen\u00ed.<br>V\u00a0na\u0161ich zem\u00edch bylo v\u00a0minulosti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed MSG omezov\u00e1no pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy. Ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b ur\u010den\u00e9 d\u011btem do 3 let se nesm\u011bl pou\u017e\u00edvat v\u016fbec. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je omezen\u00ed MSG v\u00a0potravin\u00e1ch zm\u00edrn\u011bno a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se evropskou legislativou. Evropsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad pro bezpe\u010dnost potravin (EFSA) v roce 2017 stanovil za zdrav\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 denn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed 30 mg\/kg t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti. Podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho stanoviska Americk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu pro kontrolu potravin a l\u00e9\u010div FDA je bezpe\u010dn\u00fd i pro t\u011bhotn\u00e9 a koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny a d\u011bti. V\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edm i dal\u0161\u00edm textu zjist\u00edte, \u017ee se tato stanoviska a doporu\u010den\u00ed nezakl\u00e1daj\u00ed na v\u011bdeck\u00fdch poznatc\u00edch a nejsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Krom\u011b toho nejde jen o MSG, excitotoxick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m maj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v\u00a0potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 regulov\u00e1ny nejsou. V\u00fdrobci mohou snadno obej\u00edt limity a omezen\u00ed MSG t\u00edm, \u017ee pou\u017eij\u00ed jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a sou\u010dasn\u011b na obalu deklaruj\u00ed, \u017ee produkt je \u201ebez p\u0159idan\u00e9ho glutam\u00e1tu\u201c. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee do t\u00e9to potraviny prost\u011b jen nep\u0159isypali pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd glutam\u00e1t, ale klidn\u011b tam p\u0159idali jin\u00e9 excitotoxiny.<br>Hladina glutam\u00e1tu v\u00a0krvi u \u010dlov\u011bka po jeho konzumaci je velmi vysok\u00e1, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech zkouman\u00fdch druh\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at. Kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk poz\u0159e 100-150mg glutam\u00e1tu na ka\u017ed\u00fd kilogram sv\u00e9 hmotnosti, jeho hladina se v\u00a0krvi zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed 20x. U my\u0161i nakrmen\u00e9 podobnou d\u00e1vkou to je jen 4x. U opic nedojde k\u00a0vzestupu v\u016fbec. D\u011btsk\u00fd mozek je 4x citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na excitotoxicitu ne\u017e mozek dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho&#8230; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st seri\u00e1lu MUDr. Ludmily Elekov\u00e9 o zdrav\u00ed na\u0161eho mozku se t\u00fdk\u00e1 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed excitotoxin\u016f. Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a d\u016fsledky excitotoxity a jak\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b ud\u011blat, abychom toto nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v r\u00e1mci mo\u017enost\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eili? P\u0159e\u010dtete si v \u010dl\u00e1nku v prosincov\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle Medu\u0148ky&#8230;\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9 na emedunka.cz Zdrav\u00fd mozek: excitotoxiny Excitotoxiny jsou l\u00e1tky dr\u00e1\u017ed\u00edc\u00ed neurony k\u00a0elektrick\u00e9 aktivit\u011b, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 intenzivn\u00ed a dlouh\u00e1, vede k\u00a0vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed jejich bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 energie a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed a\u017e od\u00famrti. P\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 excitace neuron\u016f je podm\u00ednkou jejich aktivity, ale proto\u017ee je energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt regulov\u00e1na a vyva\u017eov\u00e1na tlum\u00edc\u00edmi vlivy. Hlavn\u00edm excita\u010dn\u00edm neurotransmiterem v\u00a0mozku je glutam\u00e1t, jeho\u017e \u00fa\u010dinky jsem probrala v\u00a0minul\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku. Nyn\u00ed se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed jako excitotoxiny.Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 excitoxicita stoj\u00ed za rozvojem r\u016fzn\u00fdch neurologick\u00fdch poruch. Typicky jde o epilepsii a jin\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010dov\u00e9 stavy, d\u00e1le stoj\u00ed v\u00a0pozad\u00ed neurodegenerativn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed, jako je Alzheimerova a Parkinsonova nemoc nebo amyotrofick\u00e1 later\u00e1ln\u00ed skler\u00f3za (ALS neboli Lou Gehringova nemoc), pod\u00edl\u00ed se na rozvoji autistick\u00fdch poruch, po\u0161kozen\u00ed s\u00edtnice aj. Excitotoxicita je tak\u00e9 odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku p\u0159i mrtvici, hypoglykemii, hypoxii (nedostatku kysl\u00edku) a jin\u00fdch stavech naru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch energetick\u00fd metabolismus neuron\u016f. Nedostatek kysl\u00edku a energie \u010din\u00ed neurony mnohem n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k\u00a0jak\u00e9mukoli toxinu nebo z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei. P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny excitotoxicityExcitotoxicita nast\u00e1v\u00e1 nejen p\u0159i v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch nemocech, ale tak\u00e9 je zp\u016fsobov\u00e1na l\u00e1tkami, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1me v\u00a0potrav\u011b nebo ve form\u011b drog \u010di l\u00e9k\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich budou probr\u00e1ny d\u016fkladn\u011bji n\u00ed\u017ee, zde je orienta\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fd\u010det: glutam\u00e1t, hydrolyzovan\u00fd rostlinn\u00fd protein, kasein\u00e1t a jin\u00e9 zv\u00fdraz\u0148ova\u010de chuti, um\u011bl\u00e9 sladidlo aspartam, adjuvancia ve vakc\u00edn\u00e1ch, L-DOPA pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v\u00a0l\u00e9\u010db\u011b Parkinsonovy nemoci a drogy typu ext\u00e1ze.P\u0159i experimentech s\u00a0velk\u00fdmi d\u00e1vkami excitotoxinu neurony b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek minut a\u017e n\u011bkolika hodin ote\u010dou, za\u010dne rozpad jejich nitrobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch struktur, a\u017e nakonec odum\u0159ou. \u00a0Pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed aktivity neuron\u016f jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty. Kan\u00e1ly propou\u0161t\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edk jsou v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 bu\u0148ce pe\u010dliv\u011b regulov\u00e1ny. Otv\u00edraj\u00ed se na zlomek vte\u0159iny a vpust\u00ed jen mali\u010dk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kalcia.Excitotoxiny v\u010detn\u011b glutam\u00e1tu zaseknou kalciov\u00fd kan\u00e1l v\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00e9 podob\u011b a do neuronu pak te\u010de p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho kalcia po p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouhou dobu. Bu\u0148ka se zbavuje p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho kalcia jeho pumpov\u00e1n\u00edm zp\u011bt mimo ni, ale iontov\u00e9 pumpy pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed mnoho bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 energie ATP. Je to jako pumpovat vodu z\u00a0lod\u011b, do kter\u00e9 te\u010de. P\u0159i norm\u00e1ln\u00ed funkci kalciov\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu to neurony zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed, ale masivn\u00ed a dlouhodob\u00fd vstup v\u00e1pn\u00edku p\u0159i stimulaci kan\u00e1lu excitotoxinem nest\u00edhaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b vypumpovat. Nadbytek kalcia zabije neuron t\u00edm, \u017ee spust\u00ed destruktivn\u00ed procesy v\u00a0bu\u0148ce. Aktivuje enzymy, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kod\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 struktury, iniciuje programovanou bun\u011b\u010dnou smrt. Naru\u0161uje tak\u00e9 funkci mitochondri\u00ed a vede k\u00a0excesivn\u00edmu oxidativn\u00edmu stresu.Voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly jsou jako rychle se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r, doslova sk\u00e1\u010dou z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 molekuly na druhou a postupn\u011b je ni\u010d\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b DNA. Voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b superoxid a peroxid vod\u00edku, jsou nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed metabolismu. Vznikaj\u00ed v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 bu\u0148ce p\u0159i tvorb\u011b energie v\u00a0mitochondri\u00edch, maj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou funkci v\u00a0imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu a jsou to sign\u00e1ln\u00ed molekuly mj. zaji\u0161tuj\u00edc\u00ed regulaci energetick\u00e9ho metabolismu. Samy o sob\u011b nejsou probl\u00e9m, pokud se jejich mno\u017estv\u00ed nevymkne kontrole a dokud sta\u010d\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy. Antioxidanty jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 daruj\u00ed elektron molekule voln\u00e9ho radik\u00e1lu, a samy se tak oxiduj\u00ed. V\u00a0bu\u0148k\u00e1ch prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00edce uzav\u0159en\u00fdch cykl\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch molekuly p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed neust\u00e1le z\u00a0oxidovan\u00e9ho do redukovan\u00e9ho stavu. Mezi nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed vitamin C, tokoferoly (vitaminy E) a glutathion. Enzymy, kter\u00e9 je vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 magn\u00e9sium, zinek, selen, vitamin A, K\u00a0a D. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v\u0161echny tyto l\u00e1tky bez probl\u00e9m\u016f proch\u00e1zej\u00ed do mozku. Chu\u0165 umami Excitotoxiny p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do mozku p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0potrav\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 se v\u00a0potrav\u011b nach\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b, lid\u00e9 je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tis\u00edce let a p\u0159i p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 konzumaci \u0161kody nep\u00e1chaj\u00ed. Japonci po dlouhou dobu pou\u017e\u00edvali ingredienci z\u00a0mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0159asy kombu, kter\u00e1 zv\u00fdraz\u0148ovala chu\u0165 jejich j\u00eddel. V\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee za touto chut\u00ed naz\u00fdvanou umami je sodn\u00e1 s\u016fl glutam\u00e1tu, v anglick\u00e9 zkratce MSG (monosodium glutamate). B\u011bhem p\u00e1r let se z\u00a0v\u00fdroby MSG stal miliardov\u00fd byznys. Postupn\u011b se za\u010dala MSG p\u0159id\u00e1vat prakticky do v\u0161ech pr\u016fmyslov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch j\u00eddel, v\u00a0USA a n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch i do v\u00fd\u017eivy pro miminka a mal\u00e9 d\u011bti. Spot\u0159eba MSG se zdvojn\u00e1sobovala ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 let.Bohat\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 literatura prokazuje \u0161kodlivost MSG a jin\u00fdch excitotoxin\u016f v\u00a0potrav\u011b. N\u011bkdy sta\u010d\u00ed k\u00a0nevratn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk jedin\u00e1 dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e1 d\u00e1vka. Je\u0161t\u011b \u0161kodliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je kombinace excitotoxin\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na ve zpracovan\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch. Toxiny \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00ed synergicky: vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se posiluj\u00ed a celkov\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek je a\u017e \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e prost\u00fd sou\u010det \u00fa\u010dink\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch toxin\u016f. Ale kdy\u017e budete na internetu hledat informace o glutam\u00e1tu, dozv\u00edte se, \u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 substance jako MSG nebo um\u011bl\u00e9 sladidlo aspartam jsou zcela bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. To, co \u00fadajn\u011b d\u011blaj\u00ed, jsou jen \u0159e\u010di. Bohu\u017eel tomu tak nen\u00ed.V\u00a0na\u0161ich zem\u00edch bylo v\u00a0minulosti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed MSG omezov\u00e1no pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy. Ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b ur\u010den\u00e9 d\u011btem do 3 let se nesm\u011bl pou\u017e\u00edvat v\u016fbec. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je omezen\u00ed MSG v\u00a0potravin\u00e1ch zm\u00edrn\u011bno a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se evropskou legislativou. Evropsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad pro bezpe\u010dnost potravin (EFSA) v roce 2017 stanovil za zdrav\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 denn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed 30 mg\/kg t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti. Podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho stanoviska Americk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu pro kontrolu potravin a l\u00e9\u010div FDA je bezpe\u010dn\u00fd i pro t\u011bhotn\u00e9 a koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny a d\u011bti. V\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edm i dal\u0161\u00edm textu zjist\u00edte, \u017ee se tato stanoviska a doporu\u010den\u00ed nezakl\u00e1daj\u00ed na v\u011bdeck\u00fdch poznatc\u00edch a nejsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Krom\u011b toho nejde jen o MSG, excitotoxick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m maj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v\u00a0potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 regulov\u00e1ny nejsou. V\u00fdrobci mohou snadno obej\u00edt limity a omezen\u00ed MSG t\u00edm, \u017ee pou\u017eij\u00ed jin\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a sou\u010dasn\u011b na obalu deklaruj\u00ed, \u017ee produkt je \u201ebez p\u0159idan\u00e9ho glutam\u00e1tu\u201c. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee do t\u00e9to potraviny prost\u011b jen nep\u0159isypali pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd glutam\u00e1t, ale klidn\u011b tam p\u0159idali jin\u00e9 excitotoxiny.Hladina glutam\u00e1tu v\u00a0krvi u \u010dlov\u011bka po jeho konzumaci je velmi vysok\u00e1, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech zkouman\u00fdch druh\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at. Kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk poz\u0159e 100-150mg glutam\u00e1tu na ka\u017ed\u00fd kilogram sv\u00e9 hmotnosti, jeho hladina se v\u00a0krvi zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed 20x. U my\u0161i nakrmen\u00e9 podobnou d\u00e1vkou to je jen 4x. U opic nedojde k\u00a0vzestupu v\u016fbec. D\u011btsk\u00fd mozek je 4x citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na excitotoxicitu ne\u017e mozek dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11947,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,13,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medunka","category-pece-o-telo","category-zdravi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12001","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12001"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12001\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12002,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12001\/revisions\/12002"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12001"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12001"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12001"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}