{"id":11159,"date":"2025-04-27T16:58:28","date_gmt":"2025-04-27T16:58:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/?p=11159"},"modified":"2025-04-25T14:50:55","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T14:50:55","slug":"hyckejme-si-svuj-strevni-mikrobiom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/2025\/04\/27\/hyckejme-si-svuj-strevni-mikrobiom\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00fd\u010dkejme si sv\u016fj&#8230; st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u010casto se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee v b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ku m\u00e1me sv\u016fj druh\u00fd mozek. Do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry je to pravda? A jak o n\u00e1\u0161 &#8222;druh\u00fd mozek&#8220; m\u00e1me pe\u010dovat? V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku na tyto ot\u00e1zky odpov\u00edd\u00e1 na\u0161e autorka, <strong>naturopatka Charlotte Matyskov\u00e1&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo je ob\u00fdv\u00e1no obrovsk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm koloni\u00ed fyziologick\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f. Tyto mikroorganismy sd\u00edlej\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd prostor v na\u0161em tr\u00e1vic\u00edm traktu, d\u00fdchac\u00edm nebo reproduk\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu a \u017eij\u00ed ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 symbi\u00f3ze. <strong>Neviditeln\u00e9 organismy n\u00e1le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ke skupin\u00e1m bakteri\u00ed, vir\u016f nebo kvasinek se ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako mikrobiom. <\/strong>Ten nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed \u017eije v&nbsp;na\u0161\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00ed soustav\u011b a <strong>je pro n\u00e1s \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd<\/strong>. Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na tr\u00e1vic\u00edch procesech a imunitn\u00edch reakc\u00edch, ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 na\u0161i n\u00e1ladu nebo mozkov\u00e9 funkce<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kdo je kdo ve st\u0159evech<\/strong><br>Mikrobiom nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00e1 zm\u011b\u0165 bakteri\u00ed, je to organizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se d\u011bl\u00ed do dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch skupin. Prvn\u00ed, tzv. esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed (tak\u00e9 benefi\u010dn\u00ed) skupina je dominantn\u00ed a udr\u017euje pod kontrolou tu druhou, tzv. oportunistickou. V&nbsp;sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je zn\u00e1mo n\u011bkolik set mikrob\u016f, kter\u00e9 ve st\u0159evech mohou \u017e\u00edt a jejich po\u010det a kombinace jsou velmi variabiln\u00ed. Esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupina mikrobiomu je nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zahrnuje p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 bakterie \u2013 r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy bifidobakteri\u00ed, laktobacil\u016f, enterokoky nebo fyziologick\u00e9 kmeny <em>Escherichia coli.<\/em> Do oportunistick\u00e9 skupiny pat\u0159\u00ed streptokoky, stafylokoky, klostridie, kvasinky, enterobakterie jako <em>Klebsiella, Citrobacter<\/em> apod. Ve st\u0159evech zdrav\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka je jejich po\u010det omezen\u00fd a p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b hl\u00eddan\u00fd esenci\u00e1ln\u00edm mikrobiomem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tenk\u00e9 a tlust\u00e9 st\u0159evo &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><br>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkc\u00ed tenk\u00e9ho st\u0159eva je dokon\u010dit tr\u00e1vic\u00ed procesy a p\u0159edat do krve d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u017eiviny, aby je zanesla na m\u00edsto, kde je pot\u0159ebujeme. M\u00e1 v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou funkci \u2013 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. V&nbsp;tlust\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b se vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1 voda a syntetizuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 vitaminy. Bakterie, kter\u00e9 v n\u011bm \u017eij\u00ed, produkuj\u00ed butyr\u00e1ty \u2013 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 jsou pro sv\u00e9 protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 a protirakovinn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed. Tenk\u00e9 i tlust\u00e9 st\u0159evo jsou po cel\u00e9 d\u00e9lce protk\u00e1na hustou s\u00edt\u00ed nervov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, kter\u00e1 je pro svou schopnost komunikovat s&nbsp;centr\u00e1ln\u00edm nervov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem popisov\u00e1na jako \u201edruh\u00fd mozek\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Imunita<\/strong><br>V\u00fdstelka tenk\u00e9ho st\u0159eva funguje jako lymfatick\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148, kter\u00e1 je neust\u00e1le ve st\u0159ehu, p\u0159ipravena zas\u00e1hnout proti mikrob\u016fm a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm toxin\u016fm, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm z&nbsp;venkovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Stejnou lymfatickou tk\u00e1\u0148 maj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti na\u0161eho t\u011bla se slizni\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdstelkou, jako jsou \u00fasta, nos a d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty nebo mo\u010dov\u00e1 trubice. Tento obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m je rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fd ve slizni\u010dn\u00edm a podslizni\u010dn\u00edm vazivu ve form\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch bun\u011bk nebo mali\u010dk\u00fdch m\u00edzn\u00edch uzlin o velikosti n\u011bkolika milimetr\u016f. St\u0159evn\u00ed imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m produkuje protil\u00e1tky zne\u0161kod\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed toxiny, kter\u00e9 p\u0159iputovaly spolu s&nbsp;j\u00eddlem, lymfou nebo krv\u00ed a tak\u00e9 imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky pro boj s&nbsp;infekcemi &#8211; lymfocyty. Je i m\u00edstem, kde k&nbsp;takov\u00e9mu boji doch\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Druh\u00fd mozek<\/strong><br>Ve st\u0159evn\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b se ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 nervov\u00e1 plete\u0148 \u2013 enterick\u00fd nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (ENS). Jeho hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed je kontrola tr\u00e1vic\u00edch proces\u016f, ale m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 schopnost ovlivnit mozkov\u00e9 funkce. ENS reguluje produkci tr\u00e1vic\u00edch enzym\u016f, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sval\u016f \u0159\u00edd\u00ed pohyby st\u0159ev nebo kontroluje pr\u016ftok krve pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin. Jako \u201edruh\u00fd mozek\u201c nen\u00ed schopen samostatn\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed, ale prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek produkovan\u00fdch st\u0159evn\u00edmi bakteriemi komunikuje s\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00edm nervov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem. <strong>Bakterie mikrobiomu produkuj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 neurotransmitery, kter\u00e9 mozek vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0proces\u016fm u\u010den\u00ed nebo vylad\u011bn\u00ed emoc\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad serotonin, dopamin nebo melatonin, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed na\u0161i schopnost se soust\u0159edit, uvolnit nebo pro\u017e\u00edvat pocity \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/strong> Ve st\u0159ev\u011b tyto l\u00e1tky p\u016fsob\u00ed na enterick\u00fd nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nervov\u00fdch vzruch\u016f i na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Zp\u016fsoby tohoto propojen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nejsou p\u0159esn\u011b prozkoum\u00e1ny, u\u017e te\u010f je ale jasn\u00e9, \u017ee st\u0159evo a mozek nejsou odd\u011blen\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Ze studie uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010dasopise <em>British Journal of Nutrition<\/em> v\u00a0roce 2011 nap\u0159\u00edklad vyplynulo, \u017ee t\u0159icetidenn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dopl\u0148ku s\u00a0obsahem <em>Lactobacillus helveticus<\/em> a <em>Bifidobacteria longum<\/em> vedlo u skupiny dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f k\u00a0prokazateln\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fazkostn\u00fdch a depresivn\u00edch stav\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mikrobiom jako ochr\u00e1nce<\/strong><br><strong>Mikrobiom m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na v\u0161echny funkce st\u0159ev<\/strong>.V ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed silnou vrstvu, kter\u00e1 mechanicky chr\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznici p\u0159ed vstupem nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed, pl\u00edsn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek z\u00a0vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pokud je mechanick\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra nezastav\u00ed, vy\u0161lou ochrann\u00e9 kmeny mikrobiomu l\u00e1tky podobn\u00e9 antibiotik\u016fm, nebo nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm bakteri\u00edm naru\u0161\u00ed membr\u00e1nu. Dal\u0161\u00ed kmeny mikrobiomu vy\u017eivuj\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed st\u011bnu, udr\u017euj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pH st\u0159evn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed se tr\u00e1vic\u00edch proces\u016f, synt\u00e9zy vitamin\u016f nebo u\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch neurotransmiter\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie do sv\u00e9 st\u011bny vst\u0159eb\u00e1vaj\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy, a pak je vezmou s sebou na cestu z\u00a0tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu ven. D\u00edky fyziologick\u00e9mu mikrobiomu st\u0159eva p\u0159irozen\u011b udr\u017euj\u00ed imunitn\u00ed i nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m v\u00a0rovnov\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dysbi\u00f3za<\/strong><br>Z\u00e1rukou zdrav\u00e9ho mikrobiomu je dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed esenci\u00e1ln\u00edch bakteri\u00ed. K&nbsp;jejich \u00fabytku doch\u00e1z\u00ed po prod\u011blan\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed infekci, po u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antibiotik nebo hormon\u016f, jako jsou kortikoidy, p\u0159i dlouhodob\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu vl\u00e1kniny, vysok\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu jednoduch\u00e9ho cukru, nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 tvorb\u011b \u017elu\u010di a tr\u00e1vic\u00edch \u0161\u0165\u00e1v v&nbsp;\u017ealudku a pankreatu. Prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 bakterie ni\u010d\u00ed tak\u00e9 stres. St\u0159evn\u00ed st\u011bna s&nbsp;nefyziologick\u00fdm mikrobiomem je otev\u0159en\u00e1 \u00fatok\u016fm vir\u016f, kvasinek, parazit\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, schopn\u00fdch po\u0161kodit st\u0159evn\u00ed bu\u0148ky a nastartovat chronick\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 procesy. P\u0159emno\u017een\u00e9 patogeny vychyluj\u00ed z&nbsp;rovnov\u00e1hy imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odezvy nejen ve st\u0159ev\u011b, ale i na dal\u0161\u00edch sliznic\u00edch. Tak\u00e9 napadaj\u00ed samotn\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed bu\u0148ky a omezuj\u00ed jejich schopnost dokon\u010dovat tr\u00e1vic\u00ed procesy nebo mezi nimi naru\u0161\u00ed pevn\u00e9 spoje, a t\u00edm se st\u0159evo st\u00e1v\u00e1 propustn\u00fdm i pro l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 by se do organismu dostat nem\u011bly. P\u0159\u00edznakem dysbi\u00f3zy mohou b\u00fdt pot\u00ed\u017ee v&nbsp;tr\u00e1vic\u00edm traktu (pr\u016fjem nebo z\u00e1cpa, nad\u00fdm\u00e1n\u00ed, nevolnost, bolesti b\u0159icha, z\u00e1pach z&nbsp;\u00fast), ale tak\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee, kter\u00e9 s&nbsp;tr\u00e1ven\u00edm zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nesouvisej\u00ed, jako ekz\u00e9my, alergick\u00e1 r\u00fdma, z\u00e1n\u011bty vedlej\u0161\u00edch nosn\u00edch dutin, chronick\u00e1 bronchitida, gynekologick\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011bty a myk\u00f3zy, bolestivost kloub\u016f, \u00fanava, nevysv\u011btliteln\u00e9 pocity smutku a strachu, neschopnost se soust\u0159edit a dal\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Obnova zdrav\u00e9ho mikrobiomu<\/strong><br>Z\u00e1kladem l\u00e9\u010dby st\u0159evn\u00ed dysbi\u00f3zy je u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kapsl\u00ed nebo roztok\u016f s vysok\u00fdmi d\u00e1vkami probiotick\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed. V l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u011b po\u017e\u00e1dejte o probiotick\u00e9 dopl\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 se uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v&nbsp;lednici, maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost. U\u017e\u00edvejte je dlouhodob\u011b (alespo\u0148 t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce) a kv\u016fli rozmanitosti prost\u0159\u00eddejte r\u016fzn\u00e9 zna\u010dky. N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee nov\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed uchovat a uv\u00e9st cel\u00fd st\u0159evn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zp\u011bt do rovnov\u00e1hy.<br><br><strong>Co dal\u0161\u00edho m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, vyhn\u011bte se zbyte\u010dn\u00e9mu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antibiotik a nesteroidn\u00edch protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f. &nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Za\u0159a\u010fte fermentovan\u00e1 j\u00eddla jako kysan\u00e9 zel\u00ed, jogurt a kef\u00edr, miso nebo tempeh, kter\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u011b obsahuj\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 bakterie, a tak\u00e9 potraviny, kter\u00e9 stimuluj\u00ed jejich r\u016fst a aktivitu. Pat\u0159\u00ed k&nbsp;nim ban\u00e1ny, \u010desnek, \u010dekanka nebo celozrnn\u00e9 obiloviny. Ze stejn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu za\u0159a\u010fte ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu hlavn\u00edmu j\u00eddlu velkou porci zeleniny, zajist\u00edte tak esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupin\u011b dostatek vl\u00e1kniny, kter\u00e1 ji vy\u017eivuje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Za\u0159a\u010fte ho\u0159k\u00e9 potraviny jako rukolu, \u010dekanku nebo \u017elut\u00e9 grapefruity, kter\u00e9 podpo\u0159\u00ed tvorbu tr\u00e1vic\u00edch \u0161\u0165\u00e1v.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Omezte cukr a dro\u017ed\u00ed \u2013 jsou potravou pro nefyziologick\u00e9 kmeny bakteri\u00ed a kvasinek. Byliny jako pelyn\u011bk, o\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k, lapacho nebo h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dek pom\u00e1haj\u00ed jejich mno\u017een\u00ed zastavit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dysbiotick\u00e9 mikrobioty se mohou dostavit nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 projevy jako nad\u00fdm\u00e1n\u00ed. Pom\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1m m\u00e1ta, medu\u0148ka nebo fenykl.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro regeneraci st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznice za\u0159a\u010fte do j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku potraviny s&nbsp;obsahem vitaminu C, vitaminu A a zinku. Vitamin C najdete v&nbsp;paprik\u00e1ch, listov\u00e9 zelenin\u011b nebo \u010dern\u00e9m ryb\u00edzu, vitamin A v&nbsp;\u017elut\u011b a oran\u017eov\u011b zbarven\u00fdch plodech ovoce a zeleniny, v ryb\u00edm tuku nebo j\u00e1trech a zinek v&nbsp;mandl\u00edch, ke\u0161u, \u010derven\u00e9m nebo losos\u00edm mase. Hojiv\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed na st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznici v\u00fdvary z&nbsp;masa s&nbsp;kost\u00ed, ovesn\u00e1 ka\u0161e nebo byliny jako truskavec, m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dek, tu\u017eebn\u00edk a sl\u00e9z.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010casto se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee v b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ku m\u00e1me sv\u016fj druh\u00fd mozek. Do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry je to pravda? A jak o n\u00e1\u0161 &#8222;druh\u00fd mozek&#8220; m\u00e1me pe\u010dovat? V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku na tyto ot\u00e1zky odpov\u00edd\u00e1 na\u0161e autorka, naturopatka Charlotte Matyskov\u00e1&#8230; Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo je ob\u00fdv\u00e1no obrovsk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm koloni\u00ed fyziologick\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f. Tyto mikroorganismy sd\u00edlej\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd prostor v na\u0161em tr\u00e1vic\u00edm traktu, d\u00fdchac\u00edm nebo reproduk\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu a \u017eij\u00ed ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 symbi\u00f3ze. Neviditeln\u00e9 organismy n\u00e1le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ke skupin\u00e1m bakteri\u00ed, vir\u016f nebo kvasinek se ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako mikrobiom. Ten nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed \u017eije v&nbsp;na\u0161\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00ed soustav\u011b a je pro n\u00e1s \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na tr\u00e1vic\u00edch procesech a imunitn\u00edch reakc\u00edch, ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 na\u0161i n\u00e1ladu nebo mozkov\u00e9 funkce Kdo je kdo ve st\u0159evechMikrobiom nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00e1 zm\u011b\u0165 bakteri\u00ed, je to organizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se d\u011bl\u00ed do dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch skupin. Prvn\u00ed, tzv. esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed (tak\u00e9 benefi\u010dn\u00ed) skupina je dominantn\u00ed a udr\u017euje pod kontrolou tu druhou, tzv. oportunistickou. V&nbsp;sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je zn\u00e1mo n\u011bkolik set mikrob\u016f, kter\u00e9 ve st\u0159evech mohou \u017e\u00edt a jejich po\u010det a kombinace jsou velmi variabiln\u00ed. Esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupina mikrobiomu je nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zahrnuje p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 bakterie \u2013 r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy bifidobakteri\u00ed, laktobacil\u016f, enterokoky nebo fyziologick\u00e9 kmeny Escherichia coli. Do oportunistick\u00e9 skupiny pat\u0159\u00ed streptokoky, stafylokoky, klostridie, kvasinky, enterobakterie jako Klebsiella, Citrobacter apod. Ve st\u0159evech zdrav\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka je jejich po\u010det omezen\u00fd a p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b hl\u00eddan\u00fd esenci\u00e1ln\u00edm mikrobiomem. Tenk\u00e9 a tlust\u00e9 st\u0159evo &nbsp;&nbsp;Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkc\u00ed tenk\u00e9ho st\u0159eva je dokon\u010dit tr\u00e1vic\u00ed procesy a p\u0159edat do krve d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u017eiviny, aby je zanesla na m\u00edsto, kde je pot\u0159ebujeme. M\u00e1 v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou funkci \u2013 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. V&nbsp;tlust\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b se vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1 voda a syntetizuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 vitaminy. Bakterie, kter\u00e9 v n\u011bm \u017eij\u00ed, produkuj\u00ed butyr\u00e1ty \u2013 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 jsou pro sv\u00e9 protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 a protirakovinn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed. Tenk\u00e9 i tlust\u00e9 st\u0159evo jsou po cel\u00e9 d\u00e9lce protk\u00e1na hustou s\u00edt\u00ed nervov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, kter\u00e1 je pro svou schopnost komunikovat s&nbsp;centr\u00e1ln\u00edm nervov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem popisov\u00e1na jako \u201edruh\u00fd mozek\u201c. ImunitaV\u00fdstelka tenk\u00e9ho st\u0159eva funguje jako lymfatick\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148, kter\u00e1 je neust\u00e1le ve st\u0159ehu, p\u0159ipravena zas\u00e1hnout proti mikrob\u016fm a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm toxin\u016fm, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm z&nbsp;venkovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Stejnou lymfatickou tk\u00e1\u0148 maj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti na\u0161eho t\u011bla se slizni\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdstelkou, jako jsou \u00fasta, nos a d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty nebo mo\u010dov\u00e1 trubice. Tento obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m je rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fd ve slizni\u010dn\u00edm a podslizni\u010dn\u00edm vazivu ve form\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch bun\u011bk nebo mali\u010dk\u00fdch m\u00edzn\u00edch uzlin o velikosti n\u011bkolika milimetr\u016f. St\u0159evn\u00ed imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m produkuje protil\u00e1tky zne\u0161kod\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed toxiny, kter\u00e9 p\u0159iputovaly spolu s&nbsp;j\u00eddlem, lymfou nebo krv\u00ed a tak\u00e9 imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky pro boj s&nbsp;infekcemi &#8211; lymfocyty. Je i m\u00edstem, kde k&nbsp;takov\u00e9mu boji doch\u00e1z\u00ed. Druh\u00fd mozekVe st\u0159evn\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b se ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 nervov\u00e1 plete\u0148 \u2013 enterick\u00fd nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (ENS). Jeho hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed je kontrola tr\u00e1vic\u00edch proces\u016f, ale m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 schopnost ovlivnit mozkov\u00e9 funkce. ENS reguluje produkci tr\u00e1vic\u00edch enzym\u016f, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sval\u016f \u0159\u00edd\u00ed pohyby st\u0159ev nebo kontroluje pr\u016ftok krve pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin. Jako \u201edruh\u00fd mozek\u201c nen\u00ed schopen samostatn\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed, ale prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek produkovan\u00fdch st\u0159evn\u00edmi bakteriemi komunikuje s\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00edm nervov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem. Bakterie mikrobiomu produkuj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 neurotransmitery, kter\u00e9 mozek vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0proces\u016fm u\u010den\u00ed nebo vylad\u011bn\u00ed emoc\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad serotonin, dopamin nebo melatonin, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed na\u0161i schopnost se soust\u0159edit, uvolnit nebo pro\u017e\u00edvat pocity \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Ve st\u0159ev\u011b tyto l\u00e1tky p\u016fsob\u00ed na enterick\u00fd nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nervov\u00fdch vzruch\u016f i na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Zp\u016fsoby tohoto propojen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nejsou p\u0159esn\u011b prozkoum\u00e1ny, u\u017e te\u010f je ale jasn\u00e9, \u017ee st\u0159evo a mozek nejsou odd\u011blen\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Ze studie uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010dasopise British Journal of Nutrition v\u00a0roce 2011 nap\u0159\u00edklad vyplynulo, \u017ee t\u0159icetidenn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dopl\u0148ku s\u00a0obsahem Lactobacillus helveticus a Bifidobacteria longum vedlo u skupiny dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f k\u00a0prokazateln\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fazkostn\u00fdch a depresivn\u00edch stav\u016f. Mikrobiom jako ochr\u00e1nceMikrobiom m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na v\u0161echny funkce st\u0159ev.V ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed silnou vrstvu, kter\u00e1 mechanicky chr\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznici p\u0159ed vstupem nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed, pl\u00edsn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek z\u00a0vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pokud je mechanick\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra nezastav\u00ed, vy\u0161lou ochrann\u00e9 kmeny mikrobiomu l\u00e1tky podobn\u00e9 antibiotik\u016fm, nebo nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm bakteri\u00edm naru\u0161\u00ed membr\u00e1nu. Dal\u0161\u00ed kmeny mikrobiomu vy\u017eivuj\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed st\u011bnu, udr\u017euj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pH st\u0159evn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed se tr\u00e1vic\u00edch proces\u016f, synt\u00e9zy vitamin\u016f nebo u\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch neurotransmiter\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie do sv\u00e9 st\u011bny vst\u0159eb\u00e1vaj\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy, a pak je vezmou s sebou na cestu z\u00a0tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu ven. D\u00edky fyziologick\u00e9mu mikrobiomu st\u0159eva p\u0159irozen\u011b udr\u017euj\u00ed imunitn\u00ed i nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m v\u00a0rovnov\u00e1ze. Dysbi\u00f3zaZ\u00e1rukou zdrav\u00e9ho mikrobiomu je dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed esenci\u00e1ln\u00edch bakteri\u00ed. K&nbsp;jejich \u00fabytku doch\u00e1z\u00ed po prod\u011blan\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed infekci, po u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antibiotik nebo hormon\u016f, jako jsou kortikoidy, p\u0159i dlouhodob\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu vl\u00e1kniny, vysok\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu jednoduch\u00e9ho cukru, nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 tvorb\u011b \u017elu\u010di a tr\u00e1vic\u00edch \u0161\u0165\u00e1v v&nbsp;\u017ealudku a pankreatu. Prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 bakterie ni\u010d\u00ed tak\u00e9 stres. St\u0159evn\u00ed st\u011bna s&nbsp;nefyziologick\u00fdm mikrobiomem je otev\u0159en\u00e1 \u00fatok\u016fm vir\u016f, kvasinek, parazit\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, schopn\u00fdch po\u0161kodit st\u0159evn\u00ed bu\u0148ky a nastartovat chronick\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 procesy. P\u0159emno\u017een\u00e9 patogeny vychyluj\u00ed z&nbsp;rovnov\u00e1hy imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odezvy nejen ve st\u0159ev\u011b, ale i na dal\u0161\u00edch sliznic\u00edch. Tak\u00e9 napadaj\u00ed samotn\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed bu\u0148ky a omezuj\u00ed jejich schopnost dokon\u010dovat tr\u00e1vic\u00ed procesy nebo mezi nimi naru\u0161\u00ed pevn\u00e9 spoje, a t\u00edm se st\u0159evo st\u00e1v\u00e1 propustn\u00fdm i pro l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 by se do organismu dostat nem\u011bly. P\u0159\u00edznakem dysbi\u00f3zy mohou b\u00fdt pot\u00ed\u017ee v&nbsp;tr\u00e1vic\u00edm traktu (pr\u016fjem nebo z\u00e1cpa, nad\u00fdm\u00e1n\u00ed, nevolnost, bolesti b\u0159icha, z\u00e1pach z&nbsp;\u00fast), ale tak\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee, kter\u00e9 s&nbsp;tr\u00e1ven\u00edm zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nesouvisej\u00ed, jako ekz\u00e9my, alergick\u00e1 r\u00fdma, z\u00e1n\u011bty vedlej\u0161\u00edch nosn\u00edch dutin, chronick\u00e1 bronchitida, gynekologick\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011bty a myk\u00f3zy, bolestivost kloub\u016f, \u00fanava, nevysv\u011btliteln\u00e9 pocity smutku a strachu, neschopnost se soust\u0159edit a dal\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. Obnova zdrav\u00e9ho mikrobiomuZ\u00e1kladem l\u00e9\u010dby st\u0159evn\u00ed dysbi\u00f3zy je u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kapsl\u00ed nebo roztok\u016f s vysok\u00fdmi d\u00e1vkami probiotick\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed. V l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u011b po\u017e\u00e1dejte o probiotick\u00e9 dopl\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 se uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v&nbsp;lednici, maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost. U\u017e\u00edvejte je dlouhodob\u011b (alespo\u0148 t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce) a kv\u016fli rozmanitosti prost\u0159\u00eddejte r\u016fzn\u00e9 zna\u010dky. N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee nov\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed uchovat a uv\u00e9st cel\u00fd st\u0159evn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zp\u011bt do rovnov\u00e1hy. Co dal\u0161\u00edho m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11163,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medunka","category-zdravi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11159"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11161,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11159\/revisions\/11161"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}