{"id":10954,"date":"2025-03-06T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-06T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/?p=10954"},"modified":"2025-03-04T17:06:41","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T17:06:41","slug":"o-cem-se-psalo-v-medunce-pred-deseti-lety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/2025\/03\/06\/o-cem-se-psalo-v-medunce-pred-deseti-lety\/","title":{"rendered":"O \u010dem se psalo v Medu\u0148ce p\u0159ed deseti lety?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>B\u0159eznov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo Medu\u0148ky z roku 2015 m\u011blo t\u00e9ma <em>Kdy\u017e bol\u00ed du\u0161e,<\/em> z mnoha zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f vyb\u00edr\u00e1me \u010dl\u00e1nek <em>PhDr. Michaely V\u00edte\u010dkov\u00e9, Ph.D.<\/em> o psychick\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch u d\u011bt\u00ed. Autorka jej psala p\u0159ed deseti lety &#8211; ale t\u00e9ma je i dnes velmi aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Nebo mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edc? Posu\u010fte sami&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Na b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 d\u011btsk\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsme jako rodi\u010de v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159ipraveni. \u010cas od \u010dasu se d\u011btem nevyhne vir\u00f3za \u010di nachlazen\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina d\u011bt\u00ed onemocn\u00ed v&nbsp;dob\u011b, kdy jsou p\u0159ehlceni vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy a pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed si na chvilku odpo\u010dinout v&nbsp;klidu domova. S&nbsp;psychick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my u d\u011bt\u00ed v\u0161ak nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me. Na d\u011btstv\u00ed r\u00e1di nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme jako na obdob\u00ed her, bezstarostnosti a radosti. Realita mnoh\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed vypov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u0161ak o jin\u00fdch pro\u017eitc\u00edch.<br><\/strong><br><strong>P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho n\u00e1rok\u016f<\/strong><br>O psychick\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch se diskutuje pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto. Zmi\u0148ov\u00e1ny jsou vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky v&nbsp;oblasti pracovn\u00ed i osobn\u00ed. Jestli\u017ee se \u017eivotn\u00ed tempo dne\u0161n\u00ed doby v\u00fdrazn\u011b podepisuje na zdrav\u00ed a psychick\u00e9 kondici dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee d\u011bti nebudou st\u00e1t mimo tento vliv. I na d\u011bti jsou mnohdy kladeny vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky v&nbsp;podob\u011b presti\u017en\u00edch \u0161kol, \u0159ady krou\u017ek\u016f, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tak\u00e9 neklidu v rodinn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby d\u011bti \u010delily ur\u010dit\u00fdm n\u00e1rok\u016fm a vid\u011bly n\u00e1s, rodi\u010de, jak si dok\u00e1\u017eeme poradit i ve slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch situac\u00edch. D\u00e1v\u00e1me jim t\u00edm zpr\u00e1vu, \u017ee i sv\u00edzeln\u00e9 okam\u017eiky \u017eivota m\u016f\u017eeme proj\u00edt a zvl\u00e1dnout. Probl\u00e9m nast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud je n\u00e1rok\u016f na d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nebo je slo\u017eit\u00e1 situace p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1na v&nbsp;podob\u011b, kter\u00e1 je pro d\u011bti ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed <em>Co n\u00e1s nezabije, to n\u00e1s pos\u00edl\u00ed<\/em>, nelze br\u00e1t v\u017edy za bernou minci. Konstitu\u010dn\u011b a osobnostn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti patrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 n\u00e1roky zvl\u00e1dnou. Citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti se naopak mohou st\u00e1t labiln\u00edmi a \u010delit r\u016fzn\u00fdm psychick\u00fdm tenz\u00edm.<br><strong>Uve\u010fme si konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad. Do poradny p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed maminka s&nbsp;chlapcem, kter\u00fd byl po narozen\u00ed v&nbsp;ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota. <\/strong>Pobyt v&nbsp;inkub\u00e1toru a dlouhodob\u00e1 hospitalizace byla pro maminku i d\u00edt\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Kdy\u017e byly chlapci t\u0159i roky, maminka musela nastoupit zp\u011bt do zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a on do mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly. V&nbsp;kolektivu se chlapec projevoval siln\u011b agresivn\u011b, necht\u011bl si s&nbsp;nik\u00fdm hr\u00e1t a adaptace se nezda\u0159ila. Na vstup do \u0161kolky a odlou\u010den\u00ed od maminky nebyl p\u0159ipraven. Prvn\u00ed rok hospitalizace i pobyt v&nbsp;inkub\u00e1toru pro n\u011bj byl velice n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm za\u010d\u00e1tkem, jeho psychick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj se zpomalil a chlapec pot\u0159eboval tento deficit dohnat. Na kolektivn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebyl psychicky zral\u00fd a pot\u0159eboval je\u0161t\u011b prodlou\u017eit individu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di. Mamince bylo doporu\u010deno nal\u00e9zt pro d\u00edt\u011b \u0161kolku s&nbsp;mal\u00fdm po\u010dtem d\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u0159istoupit je\u0161t\u011b k&nbsp;individu\u00e1ln\u00edmu zp\u016fsobu hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed. Na kolektiv by si m\u011bl chlapec zvykat postupn\u011b. Sou\u010dasn\u011b bylo nutn\u00e9 podpo\u0159it vztah matky a chlapce, kter\u00fd byl naru\u0161en ji\u017e v&nbsp;samotn\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku. Vynucen\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed od ran\u00fdch taktiln\u00edch podn\u011bt\u016f i dlouhodob\u00fd strach o zdrav\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte si vybral svou da\u0148. V&nbsp;tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bylo nezbytn\u00e9 vn\u00edmat psychick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby d\u00edt\u011bte a nezat\u011b\u017eovat jej b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm kolektivn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm do doby, ne\u017e si bude v&nbsp;kontaktu s&nbsp;druh\u00fdmi jist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vnit\u0159n\u00ed vlivy<\/strong><br>Propuknut\u00ed psychick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f \u010di psychosomatick\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b podm\u00ednek. Mezi n\u011b \u0159ad\u00edme vnit\u0159n\u00ed vlivy v&nbsp;podob\u011b osobnostn\u00ed a konstitu\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdbavy d\u00edt\u011bte. Mezi vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm situaci v&nbsp;rodin\u011b \u010di \u0161kole. V\u011bt\u0161ina d\u011bt\u00ed reaguje citliv\u011b na problematick\u00e9 vztahy mezi rodi\u010di. Psychick\u00fd i somatick\u00fd stav se \u010dasto zhor\u0161uje, pokud v&nbsp;rodin\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00ed h\u00e1dky \u010di hroz\u00ed rozpad vztahu. D\u00edt\u011b je v&nbsp;t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech \u010dasto dosazov\u00e1no do role dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho. Ohro\u017een\u00ed jistoty a z\u00e1zem\u00ed je pro d\u00edt\u011b siln\u00fdm stresorem, a proto se podv\u011bdom\u011b m\u016f\u017ee sna\u017eit p\u0159it\u00e1hnout pozornost rodi\u010d\u016f vlastn\u00ed nemoc\u00ed nebo probl\u00e9mov\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm.<br><strong>P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt situace d\u00edvky, jej\u00ed\u017e rodi\u010de se po vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch neshod\u00e1ch roze\u0161li. Matka se nav\u00edc musela intenzivn\u011b v\u011bnovat nemocn\u00e9mu mlad\u0161\u00edmu d\u00edt\u011bti.<\/strong> Na dceru zb\u00fdvalo m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasu a o\u010dek\u00e1valo se od n\u00ed pochopen\u00ed. Jej\u00ed pot\u0159eby pozornosti z\u016fst\u00e1valy nenapln\u011bny. D\u00edvka si postupn\u011b za\u010dala vynucovat pozornost nevhodn\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm, vztek\u00e1n\u00edm a emo\u010dn\u00ed labilitou. Situace v&nbsp;rodin\u011b ji brala hodn\u011b energie a sv\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm volala po nastolen\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy. V&nbsp;r\u00e1mci terapie j\u00ed bylo pot\u0159eba utvo\u0159it prostor pro d\u011btsk\u00fd sv\u011bt, radosti i pl\u00e1ny. Pomoc\u00ed arteterapeutick\u00fdch technik se da\u0159ilo uvol\u0148ovat nap\u011bt\u00ed. Rodi\u010de postupn\u011b nastolili nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob komunikace a situace se stabilizovala.<br>Rodi\u010de si v\u011bt\u0161inou probl\u00e9movou situaci uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, p\u0159esto je pro n\u011b velice slo\u017eit\u00e9 ud\u011blat ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b skute\u010dnou zm\u011bnu. Domn\u011bl\u00e9 zm\u011bny bohu\u017eel nefunguj\u00ed a cesta k&nbsp;rovnov\u00e1ze nen\u00ed v\u017edy jednoduch\u00e1. Touha po tom, aby bylo d\u00edt\u011b ihned v&nbsp;po\u0159\u00e1dku a rodi\u010d se na zm\u011bn\u011b nemusel pod\u00edlet, je nere\u00e1ln\u00e1. V&nbsp;takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se ve sv\u00e9 praxi sna\u017e\u00edm rodi\u010de p\u0159im\u011bt k&nbsp;tomu, aby si pokusili p\u0159edstavit stavbu domu bez z\u00e1klad\u016f nebo dokonce i bez cihel. Patrn\u011b by se v&nbsp;n\u011bm bydlet nedalo a z\u0159\u00edtil by se je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i stavb\u011b. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed o \u017eivot\u011b d\u00edt\u011bte. Stavba bez pevn\u00fdch z\u00e1klad\u016f a trp\u011bliv\u00e9ho stav\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitk\u016f, o kter\u00e9 se lze v&nbsp;\u017eivot\u011b op\u0159\u00edt, je nenahraditeln\u00e1. Psychick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my d\u011bt\u00ed na sebe berou celou \u0159adu podob. Poj\u010fme spole\u010dn\u011b proj\u00edt ty nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Enur\u00e9za<\/strong><br>No\u010dn\u00ed pomo\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u00e1p\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou d\u011bti v&nbsp;p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edm v\u011bku a nez\u0159\u00eddka se m\u016f\u017ee prot\u00e1hnout i do let \u0161koln\u00edch. \u010c\u00edm je d\u00edt\u011b star\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce t\u00edmto probl\u00e9mem trp\u00ed v&nbsp;soci\u00e1ln\u00edm kontaktu. Nechce sp\u00e1t ve \u0161kolce, boj\u00ed se jet na \u0161kolu v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b \u010di t\u00e1bor.<strong> Psychick\u00fdm podkladem pro enur\u00e9zu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed citov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte rodi\u010di \u010di pocit nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 citov\u00e9 podpory. <\/strong>Enur\u00e9za se tak m\u016f\u017ee dostavit nap\u0159\u00edklad s&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edchodem dal\u0161\u00edho sourozence. D\u00edt\u011b se sna\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1hradn\u00edm a neuv\u011bdomovan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159it\u00e1hnout pozornost rodi\u010d\u016f. Rodi\u010de se \u010dasto ptaj\u00ed, jak maj\u00ed na nezvl\u00e1dnut\u00e9 vym\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed reagovat. Rozhodn\u011b nedoporu\u010duji pou\u017e\u00edvat jak\u00e9koli formy trest\u00e1n\u00ed a&nbsp; siln\u00fdch emo\u010dn\u00edch reakc\u00ed. T\u00edm by se probl\u00e9m naopak fixoval. Zv\u00e1\u017eit lze pozitivn\u00ed formu ob\u010dasn\u00e9 odm\u011bny za zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed situace. P\u0159eva\u017eovat by m\u011bl zisk v&nbsp;podob\u011b pozornosti rodi\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zadrh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v&nbsp;\u0159e\u010di a kokt\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><br>V&nbsp;dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se objevuje st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed procento d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s&nbsp;vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm. N\u011bkter\u00e9 lze \u0159e\u0161it s&nbsp;logopedem, jin\u00e9 v\u0161ak zasluhuj\u00ed i pozornost psychologickou. Kokt\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed mezi poruchy \u0159e\u010di, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina tkv\u00ed v&nbsp;psychice d\u00edt\u011bte. M\u00edrn\u00e9 situa\u010dn\u00ed zadrh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee objevovat v&nbsp;situac\u00edch, kdy je d\u00edt\u011b emo\u010dn\u011b vzru\u0161eno, n\u011b\u010deho se ob\u00e1v\u00e1 nebo naopak m\u00e1 velkou radost. Jestli\u017ee se v\u0161ak objevuje kokt\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m soci\u00e1ln\u00edm kontaktu, emo\u010dn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed je trvalej\u0161\u00edho r\u00e1zu. <strong>Na d\u00edt\u011b m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt kladeny p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky, rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9 ambice mohou p\u0159ekra\u010dovat aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enosti d\u00edt\u011bte. Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 omezov\u00e1n\u00ed sebevyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte. <\/strong>Za sv\u00e9 spont\u00e1nn\u00ed projevy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nevhodn\u011b trest\u00e1no. D\u00edt\u011b se za\u010dne ob\u00e1vat vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch pocit\u016f a kokt\u00e1n\u00ed je jednou z&nbsp;mo\u017en\u00fdch cest, jak vyj\u00e1d\u0159it nesouhlas s&nbsp;okol\u00edm. V&nbsp;praxi se v\u00fdrazn\u011b osv\u011bd\u010duje uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed tenze pomoc\u00ed terapie hrou, arteterapie a muzikoterapie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00dazkost a strach<\/strong><br>\u00dazkost je nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm pocitem t\u00edsn\u011b, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 bez z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed situaci. \u00dazkostnost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i trval\u00fdm rysem osobnosti a \u010dasto se p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 z&nbsp;generace na generaci. Strach na sebe bere konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed podobu. U d\u011bt\u00ed se nej\u010dast\u011bji objevuje strach ze \u0161koly, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i zkou\u0161en\u00ed. Mezi \u010dast\u00e9 strachy pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 obava ze zv\u00ed\u0159at \u010di o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed u l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Strachy a \u00fazkostn\u00e9 projevy se objevuj\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdvoje pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto a v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se v\u011bt\u0161inou na ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed. Posl\u00e9ze samovoln\u011b odezn\u00edvaj\u00ed. P\u0159esto je t\u0159eba zbyst\u0159it pozornost, pokud se jsou projevy strachu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 a d\u00edt\u011b nelze uklidnit b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Takov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strach p\u0159i odchodu rodi\u010d\u016f z&nbsp;mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly \u010di nevolnost p\u0159ed vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm. Nez\u0159\u00eddka se objevuj\u00ed i no\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bsy, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b neurotick\u00e9 projevy jako je \u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed, kous\u00e1n\u00ed neht\u016f a cuc\u00e1n\u00ed palce. <strong>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd strach m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt provokov\u00e1n vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy, kter\u00e9 zap\u016fsobily negativn\u011b. T\u011bmi jsou pobyt v&nbsp;nemocnici bez rodi\u010de, \u00famrt\u00ed v&nbsp;rodin\u011b, necitliv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup u\u010ditele p\u0159i \u0161koln\u00edch probl\u00e9mech, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b posm\u011bch spolu\u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Dominuje pak strach z&nbsp;vlastn\u00edho selh\u00e1n\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a celkov\u00e1 nejistota v&nbsp;soci\u00e1ln\u00edm kontaktu.<\/strong> Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f jde o d\u011bti predisponovan\u00e9 k&nbsp;\u00fazkostn\u00e9mu pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, citliv\u00e9 \u010di introvertn\u00ed. Na vychovatele p\u016fsob\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou velice pozitivn\u00edm dojmem, jsou p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 a nekonfliktn\u00ed. O to v\u00edce je jejich vnit\u0159n\u00ed pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed skryto a jejich tr\u00e1pen\u00ed podce\u0148ov\u00e1no. &nbsp;Probl\u00e9m se v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0159e\u0161\u00ed a\u017e ve f\u00e1zi, kdy je manifestov\u00e1n v&nbsp;podob\u011b onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010di neurotick\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<br>Do poradny p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed maminka s&nbsp;chlapcem, kter\u00fd je v&nbsp;soci\u00e1ln\u00edm kontaktu velice plach\u00fd a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemluv\u00ed. Ve \u0161kolce si hraje rad\u011bji s\u00e1m. V&nbsp;dom\u00e1c\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed je uvoln\u011bn\u00fd a s&nbsp;rodi\u010di a dal\u0161\u00edmi sourozenci komunikuje. Strach projevit se je patrn\u00fd i p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b poradny. Zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se tlak okol\u00ed na to, aby chlapec mluvil, bylo nutno minimalizovat. Naopak cesta vedla p\u0159es vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kresby, tvo\u0159iv\u00e9ho den\u00edku a kreativn\u00ed hry. Chlapec postupn\u011b za\u010d\u00ednal sv\u00e9 v\u00fdtvory komentovat a jeho obavy z&nbsp;mluven\u00ed se postupn\u011b sni\u017eovaly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Poruchy p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy<\/strong><br>U d\u011bt\u00ed star\u0161\u00edho \u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku se m\u016f\u017eeme setkat s&nbsp;poruchami p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy.I v&nbsp;tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jde o onemocn\u011bn\u00ed na psychick\u00e9m podklad\u011b. Prvotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny mohou b\u00fdt situa\u010dn\u00edho charakteru. D\u00edt\u011b se setk\u00e1 s&nbsp;necitliv\u00fdmi pozn\u00e1mkami v\u016f\u010di sv\u00e9mu t\u011blu. Paradoxn\u011b dost \u010dasto p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b od nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch, tedy rodi\u010d\u016f \u010di sourozenc\u016f. <strong>V&nbsp;rodinn\u00e9 anamn\u00e9ze \u010dasto m\u016f\u017eeme nach\u00e1zet snahu o perfekcionismus a p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 pe\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed. To, \u017ee se objevuje tento probl\u00e9m nej\u010dast\u011bji v&nbsp;obdob\u00ed puberty, souvis\u00ed tak\u00e9 s&nbsp;problematikou osamostat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/strong>Rodi\u010de jsou \u010dasto t\u011bmi, kdo ur\u010duj\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bti, co a jak m\u00e1 d\u011blat a nepodn\u011bcuj\u00ed jeho iniciativu. V&nbsp;dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edm vznik\u00e1 pocit n\u00edzk\u00e9ho vlivu na vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot. Pr\u00e1v\u011b drastick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k&nbsp;j\u00eddlu se objevuje pocit vl\u00e1dy na vlastn\u00edm t\u011blem, kter\u00fd nikdo dal\u0161\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee kontrolovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vzkaz pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9<\/strong><br>Spole\u010dn\u00fdm jmenovatelem v\u0161ech psychick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f u d\u011bt\u00ed je nev\u011bdom\u00e1 pot\u0159eba nastolit rovnov\u00e1hu ve sv\u00e9m nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V&nbsp;probl\u00e9mov\u00fdch projevech d\u00edt\u011bte je v\u011bt\u0161inou ukryt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vzkaz pro n\u00e1s dosp\u011bl\u00e9. \u201eUpravte na\u0161e spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, a\u0165 se n\u00e1m \u017eije l\u00e9pe.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u0159eznov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo Medu\u0148ky z roku 2015 m\u011blo t\u00e9ma Kdy\u017e bol\u00ed du\u0161e, z mnoha zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f vyb\u00edr\u00e1me \u010dl\u00e1nek PhDr. Michaely V\u00edte\u010dkov\u00e9, Ph.D. o psychick\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch u d\u011bt\u00ed. Autorka jej psala p\u0159ed deseti lety &#8211; ale t\u00e9ma je i dnes velmi aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Nebo mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edc? Posu\u010fte sami&#8230; Na b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 d\u011btsk\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsme jako rodi\u010de v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159ipraveni. \u010cas od \u010dasu se d\u011btem nevyhne vir\u00f3za \u010di nachlazen\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina d\u011bt\u00ed onemocn\u00ed v&nbsp;dob\u011b, kdy jsou p\u0159ehlceni vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy a pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed si na chvilku odpo\u010dinout v&nbsp;klidu domova. S&nbsp;psychick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my u d\u011bt\u00ed v\u0161ak nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me. Na d\u011btstv\u00ed r\u00e1di nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme jako na obdob\u00ed her, bezstarostnosti a radosti. Realita mnoh\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed vypov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u0161ak o jin\u00fdch pro\u017eitc\u00edch.P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho n\u00e1rok\u016fO psychick\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch se diskutuje pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto. Zmi\u0148ov\u00e1ny jsou vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky v&nbsp;oblasti pracovn\u00ed i osobn\u00ed. Jestli\u017ee se \u017eivotn\u00ed tempo dne\u0161n\u00ed doby v\u00fdrazn\u011b podepisuje na zdrav\u00ed a psychick\u00e9 kondici dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee d\u011bti nebudou st\u00e1t mimo tento vliv. I na d\u011bti jsou mnohdy kladeny vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky v&nbsp;podob\u011b presti\u017en\u00edch \u0161kol, \u0159ady krou\u017ek\u016f, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tak\u00e9 neklidu v rodinn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby d\u011bti \u010delily ur\u010dit\u00fdm n\u00e1rok\u016fm a vid\u011bly n\u00e1s, rodi\u010de, jak si dok\u00e1\u017eeme poradit i ve slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch situac\u00edch. D\u00e1v\u00e1me jim t\u00edm zpr\u00e1vu, \u017ee i sv\u00edzeln\u00e9 okam\u017eiky \u017eivota m\u016f\u017eeme proj\u00edt a zvl\u00e1dnout. Probl\u00e9m nast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud je n\u00e1rok\u016f na d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nebo je slo\u017eit\u00e1 situace p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1na v&nbsp;podob\u011b, kter\u00e1 je pro d\u011bti ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed Co n\u00e1s nezabije, to n\u00e1s pos\u00edl\u00ed, nelze br\u00e1t v\u017edy za bernou minci. Konstitu\u010dn\u011b a osobnostn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti patrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 n\u00e1roky zvl\u00e1dnou. Citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti se naopak mohou st\u00e1t labiln\u00edmi a \u010delit r\u016fzn\u00fdm psychick\u00fdm tenz\u00edm.Uve\u010fme si konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad. Do poradny p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed maminka s&nbsp;chlapcem, kter\u00fd byl po narozen\u00ed v&nbsp;ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota. Pobyt v&nbsp;inkub\u00e1toru a dlouhodob\u00e1 hospitalizace byla pro maminku i d\u00edt\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Kdy\u017e byly chlapci t\u0159i roky, maminka musela nastoupit zp\u011bt do zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a on do mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly. V&nbsp;kolektivu se chlapec projevoval siln\u011b agresivn\u011b, necht\u011bl si s&nbsp;nik\u00fdm hr\u00e1t a adaptace se nezda\u0159ila. Na vstup do \u0161kolky a odlou\u010den\u00ed od maminky nebyl p\u0159ipraven. Prvn\u00ed rok hospitalizace i pobyt v&nbsp;inkub\u00e1toru pro n\u011bj byl velice n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm za\u010d\u00e1tkem, jeho psychick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj se zpomalil a chlapec pot\u0159eboval tento deficit dohnat. Na kolektivn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebyl psychicky zral\u00fd a pot\u0159eboval je\u0161t\u011b prodlou\u017eit individu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di. Mamince bylo doporu\u010deno nal\u00e9zt pro d\u00edt\u011b \u0161kolku s&nbsp;mal\u00fdm po\u010dtem d\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u0159istoupit je\u0161t\u011b k&nbsp;individu\u00e1ln\u00edmu zp\u016fsobu hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed. Na kolektiv by si m\u011bl chlapec zvykat postupn\u011b. Sou\u010dasn\u011b bylo nutn\u00e9 podpo\u0159it vztah matky a chlapce, kter\u00fd byl naru\u0161en ji\u017e v&nbsp;samotn\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku. Vynucen\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed od ran\u00fdch taktiln\u00edch podn\u011bt\u016f i dlouhodob\u00fd strach o zdrav\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte si vybral svou da\u0148. V&nbsp;tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bylo nezbytn\u00e9 vn\u00edmat psychick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby d\u00edt\u011bte a nezat\u011b\u017eovat jej b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm kolektivn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm do doby, ne\u017e si bude v&nbsp;kontaktu s&nbsp;druh\u00fdmi jist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vnit\u0159n\u00ed vlivyPropuknut\u00ed psychick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f \u010di psychosomatick\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b podm\u00ednek. Mezi n\u011b \u0159ad\u00edme vnit\u0159n\u00ed vlivy v&nbsp;podob\u011b osobnostn\u00ed a konstitu\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdbavy d\u00edt\u011bte. Mezi vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm situaci v&nbsp;rodin\u011b \u010di \u0161kole. V\u011bt\u0161ina d\u011bt\u00ed reaguje citliv\u011b na problematick\u00e9 vztahy mezi rodi\u010di. Psychick\u00fd i somatick\u00fd stav se \u010dasto zhor\u0161uje, pokud v&nbsp;rodin\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00ed h\u00e1dky \u010di hroz\u00ed rozpad vztahu. D\u00edt\u011b je v&nbsp;t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech \u010dasto dosazov\u00e1no do role dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho. Ohro\u017een\u00ed jistoty a z\u00e1zem\u00ed je pro d\u00edt\u011b siln\u00fdm stresorem, a proto se podv\u011bdom\u011b m\u016f\u017ee sna\u017eit p\u0159it\u00e1hnout pozornost rodi\u010d\u016f vlastn\u00ed nemoc\u00ed nebo probl\u00e9mov\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm.P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt situace d\u00edvky, jej\u00ed\u017e rodi\u010de se po vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch neshod\u00e1ch roze\u0161li. Matka se nav\u00edc musela intenzivn\u011b v\u011bnovat nemocn\u00e9mu mlad\u0161\u00edmu d\u00edt\u011bti. Na dceru zb\u00fdvalo m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasu a o\u010dek\u00e1valo se od n\u00ed pochopen\u00ed. Jej\u00ed pot\u0159eby pozornosti z\u016fst\u00e1valy nenapln\u011bny. D\u00edvka si postupn\u011b za\u010dala vynucovat pozornost nevhodn\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm, vztek\u00e1n\u00edm a emo\u010dn\u00ed labilitou. Situace v&nbsp;rodin\u011b ji brala hodn\u011b energie a sv\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm volala po nastolen\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy. V&nbsp;r\u00e1mci terapie j\u00ed bylo pot\u0159eba utvo\u0159it prostor pro d\u011btsk\u00fd sv\u011bt, radosti i pl\u00e1ny. Pomoc\u00ed arteterapeutick\u00fdch technik se da\u0159ilo uvol\u0148ovat nap\u011bt\u00ed. Rodi\u010de postupn\u011b nastolili nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob komunikace a situace se stabilizovala.Rodi\u010de si v\u011bt\u0161inou probl\u00e9movou situaci uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, p\u0159esto je pro n\u011b velice slo\u017eit\u00e9 ud\u011blat ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b skute\u010dnou zm\u011bnu. Domn\u011bl\u00e9 zm\u011bny bohu\u017eel nefunguj\u00ed a cesta k&nbsp;rovnov\u00e1ze nen\u00ed v\u017edy jednoduch\u00e1. Touha po tom, aby bylo d\u00edt\u011b ihned v&nbsp;po\u0159\u00e1dku a rodi\u010d se na zm\u011bn\u011b nemusel pod\u00edlet, je nere\u00e1ln\u00e1. V&nbsp;takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se ve sv\u00e9 praxi sna\u017e\u00edm rodi\u010de p\u0159im\u011bt k&nbsp;tomu, aby si pokusili p\u0159edstavit stavbu domu bez z\u00e1klad\u016f nebo dokonce i bez cihel. Patrn\u011b by se v&nbsp;n\u011bm bydlet nedalo a z\u0159\u00edtil by se je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i stavb\u011b. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed o \u017eivot\u011b d\u00edt\u011bte. Stavba bez pevn\u00fdch z\u00e1klad\u016f a trp\u011bliv\u00e9ho stav\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitk\u016f, o kter\u00e9 se lze v&nbsp;\u017eivot\u011b op\u0159\u00edt, je nenahraditeln\u00e1. Psychick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my d\u011bt\u00ed na sebe berou celou \u0159adu podob. Poj\u010fme spole\u010dn\u011b proj\u00edt ty nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Enur\u00e9zaNo\u010dn\u00ed pomo\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u00e1p\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou d\u011bti v&nbsp;p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edm v\u011bku a nez\u0159\u00eddka se m\u016f\u017ee prot\u00e1hnout i do let \u0161koln\u00edch. \u010c\u00edm je d\u00edt\u011b star\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce t\u00edmto probl\u00e9mem trp\u00ed v&nbsp;soci\u00e1ln\u00edm kontaktu. Nechce sp\u00e1t ve \u0161kolce, boj\u00ed se jet na \u0161kolu v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b \u010di t\u00e1bor. Psychick\u00fdm podkladem pro enur\u00e9zu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed citov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte rodi\u010di \u010di pocit nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 citov\u00e9 podpory. Enur\u00e9za se tak m\u016f\u017ee dostavit nap\u0159\u00edklad s&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edchodem dal\u0161\u00edho sourozence. D\u00edt\u011b se sna\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1hradn\u00edm a neuv\u011bdomovan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159it\u00e1hnout pozornost rodi\u010d\u016f. Rodi\u010de se \u010dasto ptaj\u00ed, jak maj\u00ed na nezvl\u00e1dnut\u00e9 vym\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed reagovat. Rozhodn\u011b nedoporu\u010duji pou\u017e\u00edvat jak\u00e9koli formy trest\u00e1n\u00ed a&nbsp; siln\u00fdch emo\u010dn\u00edch reakc\u00ed. T\u00edm by se probl\u00e9m naopak fixoval. Zv\u00e1\u017eit lze pozitivn\u00ed formu ob\u010dasn\u00e9 odm\u011bny za zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed situace. P\u0159eva\u017eovat by m\u011bl zisk v&nbsp;podob\u011b pozornosti rodi\u010de. Zadrh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v&nbsp;\u0159e\u010di a kokt\u00e1n\u00edV&nbsp;dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se objevuje st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed procento d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s&nbsp;vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm. N\u011bkter\u00e9 lze \u0159e\u0161it s&nbsp;logopedem, jin\u00e9 v\u0161ak zasluhuj\u00ed i pozornost psychologickou. Kokt\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed mezi poruchy \u0159e\u010di, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina tkv\u00ed v&nbsp;psychice d\u00edt\u011bte. M\u00edrn\u00e9 situa\u010dn\u00ed zadrh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee objevovat v&nbsp;situac\u00edch, kdy je d\u00edt\u011b emo\u010dn\u011b vzru\u0161eno, n\u011b\u010deho se ob\u00e1v\u00e1 nebo naopak m\u00e1 velkou radost. Jestli\u017ee se v\u0161ak objevuje kokt\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m soci\u00e1ln\u00edm kontaktu, emo\u010dn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed je trvalej\u0161\u00edho r\u00e1zu. Na d\u00edt\u011b m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt kladeny p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky, rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9 ambice mohou p\u0159ekra\u010dovat aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enosti d\u00edt\u011bte. Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 omezov\u00e1n\u00ed sebevyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte. Za sv\u00e9 spont\u00e1nn\u00ed projevy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nevhodn\u011b trest\u00e1no. D\u00edt\u011b se za\u010dne ob\u00e1vat vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch pocit\u016f a kokt\u00e1n\u00ed je jednou z&nbsp;mo\u017en\u00fdch cest, jak vyj\u00e1d\u0159it nesouhlas s&nbsp;okol\u00edm. V&nbsp;praxi se v\u00fdrazn\u011b osv\u011bd\u010duje uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed tenze pomoc\u00ed terapie hrou, arteterapie a muzikoterapie. \u00dazkost a strach\u00dazkost je nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm pocitem t\u00edsn\u011b, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 bez z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed situaci. \u00dazkostnost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i trval\u00fdm rysem osobnosti a \u010dasto se p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 z&nbsp;generace na generaci. Strach na sebe bere konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed podobu. U d\u011bt\u00ed se nej\u010dast\u011bji objevuje strach ze \u0161koly, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i zkou\u0161en\u00ed. Mezi \u010dast\u00e9 strachy pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 obava ze zv\u00ed\u0159at \u010di o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed u l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Strachy a \u00fazkostn\u00e9 projevy se objevuj\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdvoje pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto a v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se v\u011bt\u0161inou na ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed. Posl\u00e9ze samovoln\u011b odezn\u00edvaj\u00ed. P\u0159esto je t\u0159eba zbyst\u0159it pozornost, pokud se jsou projevy strachu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 a d\u00edt\u011b nelze uklidnit b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Takov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strach p\u0159i odchodu rodi\u010d\u016f z&nbsp;mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly \u010di nevolnost p\u0159ed vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm. Nez\u0159\u00eddka se objevuj\u00ed i no\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bsy, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b neurotick\u00e9 projevy jako je \u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed, kous\u00e1n\u00ed neht\u016f a cuc\u00e1n\u00ed palce. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd strach m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt provokov\u00e1n vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy, kter\u00e9 zap\u016fsobily negativn\u011b. T\u011bmi jsou pobyt v&nbsp;nemocnici bez rodi\u010de, \u00famrt\u00ed v&nbsp;rodin\u011b, necitliv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup u\u010ditele p\u0159i \u0161koln\u00edch probl\u00e9mech, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b posm\u011bch spolu\u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Dominuje pak strach z&nbsp;vlastn\u00edho selh\u00e1n\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a celkov\u00e1 nejistota v&nbsp;soci\u00e1ln\u00edm kontaktu. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f jde o d\u011bti predisponovan\u00e9 k&nbsp;\u00fazkostn\u00e9mu pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, citliv\u00e9 \u010di introvertn\u00ed. Na vychovatele p\u016fsob\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou velice pozitivn\u00edm dojmem, jsou p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 a nekonfliktn\u00ed. O to v\u00edce je jejich vnit\u0159n\u00ed pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed skryto a jejich tr\u00e1pen\u00ed podce\u0148ov\u00e1no. &nbsp;Probl\u00e9m se v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0159e\u0161\u00ed a\u017e ve f\u00e1zi, kdy je manifestov\u00e1n v&nbsp;podob\u011b onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010di neurotick\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.Do poradny p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed maminka s&nbsp;chlapcem, kter\u00fd je v&nbsp;soci\u00e1ln\u00edm kontaktu velice plach\u00fd a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemluv\u00ed. Ve \u0161kolce si hraje rad\u011bji s\u00e1m. V&nbsp;dom\u00e1c\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed je uvoln\u011bn\u00fd a s&nbsp;rodi\u010di a dal\u0161\u00edmi sourozenci komunikuje. Strach projevit se je patrn\u00fd i p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b poradny. Zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se tlak okol\u00ed na to, aby chlapec mluvil, bylo nutno minimalizovat. Naopak cesta vedla p\u0159es vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kresby, tvo\u0159iv\u00e9ho den\u00edku a kreativn\u00ed hry. Chlapec postupn\u011b za\u010d\u00ednal sv\u00e9 v\u00fdtvory komentovat a jeho obavy z&nbsp;mluven\u00ed se postupn\u011b sni\u017eovaly. Poruchy p\u0159\u00edjmu potravyU d\u011bt\u00ed star\u0161\u00edho \u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku se m\u016f\u017eeme setkat s&nbsp;poruchami p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy.I v&nbsp;tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jde o onemocn\u011bn\u00ed na psychick\u00e9m podklad\u011b. Prvotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny mohou b\u00fdt situa\u010dn\u00edho charakteru. D\u00edt\u011b se setk\u00e1 s&nbsp;necitliv\u00fdmi pozn\u00e1mkami v\u016f\u010di sv\u00e9mu t\u011blu. Paradoxn\u011b dost \u010dasto p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b od nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch, tedy rodi\u010d\u016f \u010di sourozenc\u016f. V&nbsp;rodinn\u00e9 anamn\u00e9ze \u010dasto m\u016f\u017eeme nach\u00e1zet snahu o perfekcionismus a p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 pe\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed. To, \u017ee se objevuje tento probl\u00e9m nej\u010dast\u011bji v&nbsp;obdob\u00ed puberty, souvis\u00ed tak\u00e9 s&nbsp;problematikou osamostat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Rodi\u010de jsou \u010dasto t\u011bmi, kdo ur\u010duj\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bti, co a jak m\u00e1 d\u011blat a nepodn\u011bcuj\u00ed jeho iniciativu. V&nbsp;dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edm vznik\u00e1 pocit n\u00edzk\u00e9ho vlivu na vlastn\u00ed \u017eivot. Pr\u00e1v\u011b drastick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k&nbsp;j\u00eddlu se objevuje pocit vl\u00e1dy na vlastn\u00edm t\u011blem, kter\u00fd nikdo dal\u0161\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee kontrolovat. Vzkaz pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9Spole\u010dn\u00fdm jmenovatelem v\u0161ech psychick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f u d\u011bt\u00ed je nev\u011bdom\u00e1 pot\u0159eba nastolit rovnov\u00e1hu ve sv\u00e9m nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V&nbsp;probl\u00e9mov\u00fdch projevech d\u00edt\u011bte je v\u011bt\u0161inou ukryt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vzkaz pro n\u00e1s dosp\u011bl\u00e9. \u201eUpravte na\u0161e spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, a\u0165 se n\u00e1m \u017eije l\u00e9pe.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,31,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medunka","category-pro-inspiraci","category-psychologie"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10954"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10954\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10958,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10954\/revisions\/10958"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mojemedunka.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}